Travels of a Scenic Artist and Scholar: Hugh Lanning’s Advertising Curtain at the Theatre Museum of Repertoire Americana.

Copyright © 2024 by Wendy Waszut-Barrett

In 1905, Hugh Lanning painted an advertising curtain and stock scenery for the Blakesburg Opera House. Donated by Mr. and Mrs. Edward Fritz of Blakesburg, Iowa, it is currently on display at the Theatre Museum of Repertoire Americana.

1905 Ad drop by Hugh Lanning on display the Theatre Museum of Repertoire Americana. The top and side of the drop are folded over, so you cannot see the entire composition.

Painted detail from 1905 Hugh Lanning Ad Drop.

Painted detail from 1905 Hugh Lanning Ad Drop.

Painted detail from 1905 Hugh Lanning Ad Drop.

Painted detail from 1905 Hugh Lanning Ad Drop.

Painted detail from 1905 Hugh Lanning Ad Drop.

Lanning exemplifies the skilled scenic artist who diversified his work and never strayed far from home. He was born, raised, and died in Wapello County, Iowa.

Map showing Wapello County in relation to Omaha, Chicago, and Kansas City.

Map of Wapello County. Note that Blakesburg is on the western border.

By the way, if you want to learn more about the area, here is a link to the “History of Wapello County, “published in 1878. Here is the link: https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/public/gdcmassbookdig/historyofwapello00west/historyofwapello00west.pdf

For a brief time, Lanning was the area’s leading landscape and sign painter, dabbling in a variety of other artistic endeavors that included scene painting, side-show banners, and the decoration of mechanical equipment.

Suffering from a series of hardships, Lanning left only a modest legacy. It is remarkable that any of his artworks survive. Like many Midwestern artists, Lanning’s contributions quickly faded from theatre history.

It is only fitting that Lanning’s work is now on display at the Theatre Museum. He represents the thousands of scenic artists who never moved to a large city, rubbed elbows with theatrical elites, or made the “big time.” It certainly wasn’t because he lacked skills or ambition. In fact, Lanning reminds me of some advice passed down on my mom’s side of the family. Growing up, I was repeatedly told, “There are at least 10,000 people as talented as you; they just didn’t have the same opportunities.”  Over the years, this helped place my own work and life in perspective, making me appreciate those who contributed to theatre history, yet were never counted. Maybe that is why I am trying so hard to tell the stories of those who shaped the world of scenic art but are long forgotten.

Lanning leaves a legacy that encapsulates the careers of many rural scenic artists in the Midwestern United States. Those who gave so much to local communities and left life with very little fanfare.

Surprisingly, 43 years after Lanning’s passing, his advertising curtain was displayed at the Kennedy Center during a bicentennial exposition that celebrated two-hundred years of performing arts in America. In 1975, the Theatre Museum of Repertoire Americana loaned Lanning’s ad drop to be part of “America on Stage: 200 Years of the Performing Arts.” The year-long exhibition was free and open to the public every day from morning to night. Located on the Kennedy Center’s roof-terrace level, scenery, costumes, props, and other memorabilia were placed on display, borrowed from individuals and institutions all over the country. The primary focus of the exhibit was the evolution of American drama, music and dance from colonial times until the 1970s. If anyone attended this event and has documents to share, I would love to include them in this post.

The Kennedy Center exhibition was described by a visitor the “This ‘N That” section of The Bayard News. On March 25, 1976, an article reported, “Visited the bicentennial exhibit on the top floor of the Kennedy Center. Had heard it plugged on IEBN by Helen Hays. It is a review of entertainment in America. There was a Chautauqua tent in which you could see films on various subjects. There was a café-type setting with a Wurlitzer juke box. Hated to leave there for the juke box had records of my era…In a section devoted to traveling tent show, the famous Toby shows of the Schaeffers were prominent. The original family were great friends of Grace and Ralph Chapman and I’ve heard them talk about them…One wall displayed a very large stage curtain, it was full of ads advertising businesses in Ottumwa. Remember those things, painted in the most brazen colors, you could study them until the curtain was raised for the big show” (p. 2). They were describing Lanning’s ad drop.  In many ways, he represents the 99% of scenic artists who never gained national reputations.

Here is the story of Hugh I. Lanning (1853-1933), Stage and Side Show Painter of Ottumwa, Iowa.

Signature on Blakesburg Opera House Ad Drop.

Signature and date on Blakesburg Opera House.

Lanning’s family tree is bit complicated due to his father’s multiple marriages and offspring. So many young women died in childbirth in the mid-nineteenth century, leaving grieving husbands with small children.

Hugh Lanning was the one of two children born to David Cornelius Lanning (1826-1907) and Nancy Connelly (1831-1862). Nancy was David’s second wife. The couple was married on Sept. 4, 1850, in Wapello County, Iowa. This was almost three years after the passing of David’s first wife, Amelia Ann O’Neil Lanning (1820-1847). David’s first marriage took place in Ripley, Illinois, on Sept. 12, 1844.

The 1850 Census report listed David and his second wife, Nancy, living with two children from David’s first marriage: Sarah Agnes Lanning (1845-1927) and David Columbus Lanning (1847-1913).  That year, the Lanning family lived in Ripley, Brown County, Illinois. Interestingly, Nancy was counted twice in the census. She was also listed as part of her parents’ home in Wapello County, Iowa (Hugh & Martha Connelly).

Hugh Lanning was born on April 27, 1853, in Agency Township, Iowa, with his birth registered in Wapello County. Lanning’s younger sister, Mary Alice Lanning was born the following year.

The 1856 Iowa State Census listed the Lanning family living approximately ten miles southeast of Ottumwa, still in Agency Township. The Lanning household included David, Nancy, Sarah A., Hugh, and Martha. In both the 1850 and 1856 census reports, David Lanning was listed as a cooper.

I was surprised to see that David Jr. was not listed as part of the household. It is possible, that he had already been “hired out”; such was the case with my maternal grandfather at the turn-of-the-twentieth century. As soon as a child was old enough to work, they were hired out to another family with their subsequent “wages” sent home. This is basically leasing a child.

The Lanning family began to financially fail by the late 1850s. On Dec. 8, 1859, David Lanning was listed in the Ottumwa Semi-Weekly Courier as delinquent in his taxes for three lots in Agency City (p. 2).

I have yet to locate any listing for the Lanning family in the 1860 US Federal Census. However, David and Nancy Lanning celebrated the birth of their third child that year. Emma J. Lanning was born in Ohio.  I am uncertain as to whether the Lannings temporarily relocated to Ohio, or were visiting when Emma was born. When Nancy Lanning passed away on Feb. 20, 1862, however, the Lannings were again living in Wapello County.

David remarried his third wife, Harriett Elizabeth Criswell/Creswell (1842-1872) on December 3, 1862. The couple celebrated the birth of Mary Ella Lanning (1863-1920), James Lanning (1865-1921), and William Robert Lanning (1869-1918).

I have yet to track down the Lanning family in the 1860 Census, however, David and Harriet celebrated the birth of Emma J. Lanning in Ohio that year. The Lanning family may have temporarily moved back east. They were back in Iowa by the onset of the Civil War. In 1862, David Lanning was listed as a person subject to military duty in Iowa Records. I have yet to uncover anything about the Lanning family’s activities during the remainder of the 1860s, however, the were still in Wapello county in 1870.  

The 1870 US Federal Census listed the Lanning family living in Center Township, Wapello County, Iowa. In 1878, David Lanning was listed as a farmer in “History of Wapello County. He owned Sec. 27 in Agency Township.” James Lanning, also listed as a farmer in 1878, owned Sec. 30 in Agency Township. That year, B. F. Watson was listed as a local painter. It is possible that Lanning apprenticed with Watson. At 38 yrs. old, David Lanning was now employed as a carpenter, with 17-yrs.-old Hugh listed as a laborer. Other members of the Lanning household in 1870 included Hugh’s step-mother Harriet (27 yrs.), Emma J. (10 yrs.), Mary E. (7 yrs.), James (4 yrs.), and Willie (1 yr.). By this time, Lanning’s two oldest children had already married. Sarah A. Lanning was living in Macon, Illinois with her husband, Joseph Fry, and 2-yrs.-old daughter, Elda. David Lanning Jr. was also living in Illinois, recently married to Eliza Mryess.

It is a complicated genealogy, with David Lanning purportedly marrying two more times after the passing of his third wife; L. C. Royce on Dec. 29, 1880, and Sarah Wertz on July 15, 1886. Both marriages were in Wapello County.

I have yet to identify when Hugh Lanning began his work as a painter or attempted his first theatrical project. The 1870s were certainly a decade a transition as he left his parents home, married and celebrated the birth of his first child. Hugh married Josephine “Josie” Rush (b. 1855) in Brown, Illinois, in 1876. Over the years, the couple celebrated the birth of three children:

Hugh Antonio “Tony” Lanning (1877-1947)

David Nelson Lanning (1881-1958)

Fanchon Lanning (1886-1968)

In 1878, their home was destroyed by a tornado. At the time, the Lanning family was living northeast of Ottumwa in Dahlonega township. This community had formerly been known as Shellbark. In 1856 the town boasted three hundred residents, with two packing houses, schoolhouse, public hall, and numerous businesses.

On June 6, 1878, the Buffalo Courier Express described a tornado’s deadly path that destroyed Lanning’s home:

”Still Another. A Destructive Tornado in Iowa the Day After One in Missouri.

Ottumwa, Iowa, June 3, – A terrible tornado took place here on yesterday, about 4 o’clock P. M., originating about two miles north of the city, striking city limits on the north and northeast, and thence passing in a southeasterly direction between Eldon and Batavia, avoiding Agency City…Thence the storm passed to the frame house of Hugh Lanning, a painter, one mile and a half further on. Mr. Lanning and his wife were not in the house and thus saved their lives, as their house, a frame cottage, was torn to pieces, scattering their earthly possessions, and carrying pieces of the timber and small pieces of the furniture ten miles beyond…”

On June 6, 1878, The Oskaloosa Herald reported, “The residence of Hugh Lanning was picked up from the foundation turned around three or four times and crushed like an eggshell on the ground, Of the contents of the house only three or four chairs have been found unbroken. No one luckily was at home” (p. 3).

Lanning remained in the area, but the process of rebuilding one’s home meant that Lanning did not stray far from the area. The 1880 US Federal Census still listing the Lanning home in Dahlonega with Hugh working as a painter.  His employment as a scenic artist did not make news until 1882 when he painted some circus banners.  On Aug. 6, 1882, the Ottumwa Weekly Courier announced, “Hugh Lanning has some fine specimens of scene painting in his shop, nearly completed, for Batcheller & Doris’ show. The painting is first class, and a decided credit to Mr. Lanning” (p. 4).  That year, Batcheller & Doris were travelling with their “Great Inter-Ocean Show.” On Aug. 16, 1882, The Columbus Journal (Nebraska) reported, “Batcheller & Doric have, without question, the finest circus that ever visited Burlington, and have more real attractions than any other circus on the road; chief among which is Millie Christian, the two0headed girl, who can truthfully be called the eighth wonder of then world” (p. 3). That summer, Batcheller & Doris’ show included several stops in Iowa, also making news upriver in Oskaloosa.

https://www.searchablemuseum.com/the-life-and-travels-of-millie-christine-mccoy

The show was also advertised as Batcheller & Doris’ Mammoth Aggregation. On August 11, 1882, Nebraska’s Lincoln Journal Star described, “Batcheller & Doris’ Mammoth Aggregation is in reality the combination of a half dozen shows…there is no circus now in the world that presents such varied and first-class ring performance, every artist being bright and particular star in his or her line of business, and commanding salaries that twenty years ago would have been deemed fabulous” (p. 2). 1882 feature acts included: Mlle. Rosina Dubsky, the Hungarian equestrienne; Miss Lizzie Keyes, the American rider; Aberlando Dowanda, the Brazillian equestrian; Willie Shanles, champion hurdle rider; the three Russian Athletes, acrobatics; Milo Brothers, gymnasts; Mlle. Eltre, contortionist; Mlle. Adele, trapeze artist; Prince Salsuma, balancing act; and Prof. Parker, dog act. The circus traveled all over the country between 1881 and 1882. On Jun 5, 1882, The Times of Streator, Illinois, reported, “There are 260 persons on the payroll of the Batcheller & Doris Co.” (p. 4).

Lanning continued to pick up a variety of work. He also became known for his easel art. That fall, Lanning exhibited some of his artworks at the 1882 Agricultural Fair in Agency City. The fairgrounds were within one block of the depot. Lanning was one of the listed attractions.  On Oct. 4, 1882, the Ottumwa Weekly Courier announced, “Hugh Lanning has staked his tent, in which he has a fine art museum, exhibiting many fine specimens of the art of painting, of which Mr. Lanning is one of the most proficient in this country” (p. 4). On Oct. 5, 1882, the Ottumwa Daily Democrat announced, “Hugh Lanning has an art gallery that is really worth going to see, and when you are down there go and see his pictures. There is much to admire and nothing to offend” (p. 4).

Lanning’s work extended to panorama exhibits for local events that included a Turner’s Fair. On Jan. 21, 1885, the Ottumwa Daily Democrat announced, “One of the attractions of the evening was the panorama which Mr. Hugh Lanning had kindly put in position for the occasion. His Punch and Judy performance also furnished an unlimited amount of merriment for the many children present” (p. 3).

Tragically, Lannings sister at this same time, with news reaching Ottumwans on Jan. 28. The Ottumwa Daily Democrat announced, “Miss Mattie Lanning, now Mrs. Lee Traul, dies of consumption on Jan. 20 in Macon, Illinois” (p. 3). This was Martha Alice Lanning, Hugh’s younger sister.

By the end of the 1880s, Hugh Lanning moved his family to Ottumwa where he established a scenic studio on the south side of town. His two sons would follow in his footsteps, working at his shop. On 20 Jun 1888, the Ottumwa Weekly Democrat reported, “During a visit to the South Side yesterday a reporter called at the studio of the scenic artist Hugh Lanning, and found this favorite of Ottumwa art lovers hard at work on a number of landscape scenes ordered from different parts of the country, six of which go to Red Oak, and all gems of their kind. He also has on hand commenced an immense sign for the Golden Eagle clothing house which will be one of the finest signs in Iowa. Mr. Lanning is decidedly the finest scenic artist that ever came to our city and deserves to be liberally patronized” (p. 3)

The next year, Lanning’s artistic diversity was advertised in local news. On May 14, 1889, the Ottumwa Daily Democrat reported, “Hugh Lanning, the painter, does frescoing, sign painting, wood engraving. Scene-painting, etc. Mr. Lanning did the scene work in the Turner opera house, and there is no better artist in Iowa. We understand he will be a bidder for the scene work in the new opera house to be built in this city, and we trust he will secure the contract. If you want any painting done, give Mr. Lanning a call” (p. 3). Like many scenic artists at this time, the key to success was a willingness to paint whatever project came your way. In the case of Lanning, it was a combination of touring show scenery, local signage, residential decoration, and easel art. The wood engraving was unique, but not a surprise when considering his father’s carpentry work.

Lanning’s business was thriving at the turn-of-the-twentieth century. He was listed as one of many business owners involved with the Ottumwa Street Carnival in 1900 (Ottumwa Semi-Weekly Courier  23 Aug 1900, p. 4). By now, Lanning’s two sons were working alongside him, also employed as painters, and living at 907 Church Street. Hugh’s wife was also listed as a dressmaker in the 1901 Ottumwa Directory. The whole family seemed to be gainfully employed and succeeding.

As with many scenic artists at this time Lanning embraced new technology, investing in new forms of entertainment. He began with stereopticon shows, even touring nearby small towns with his act. On Jan. 2, 1902, the Ottumwa Semi Weekly Courier announced, “Hugh Lanning gave a stereopticon show at Bear Creek Monday” (p. 8). Lanning provided a similar entertainment for members of Ottumwa’s Carpenters Union, No, 767. On Jan. 14, 1902, the Ottumwa Daily Democrat reported, “The evening’s program was furnished by High Lanning and consisted of moving pictures and gramophone music, or unusual merit and much was appreciated by all” (p. 4). On March 19, 9102,the Ottumwa Daily Democrat reported, “Hugh Lanning gave an entertainment last evening at the Woodmen of the World hall, which was well attended. The entertainment was given under the auspices of the Northwestern Fraternal Reserve” (p. 4).  That spring, Lanning also took his entertainment on the road to. On March 26,1902, the Ottumwa Daily Democrat reported, “Hugh Lanning and the Stoops brothers left this morning for Moravia where they will give a moving picture and gramophone entertainment this evening. Before returning to Ottumwa they will give entertainments at Centerville, Mystic, Blakesburg and other points and expect to be gone about two weeks” (p. 4).

Just when the sky seemed the limit for Lanning, tragedy struck when Josie Lanning fell. She never fully recovered from the incident, and her health continued to decline. On May 6, 1903, the Ottumwa Daily Courier announced, “Mrs. Hugh Lanning is very ill at her home, 907 Church St.” On May 27, 1904, the Ottumwa Evening Democrat announced, “Mrs. Hugh Lanning is dangerously ill at her home on Church Street as the result of a fall she sustained some time ago” (p. 2). She passed away the next year. On June 17, 1905, Ottumwa Semi-Weekly Courier “Death of Mrs. Lanning. After a lingering illness, death came to Mrs. Josie Lanning, wife of Hugh Lanning, this morning at 12:20 o’clock at the family residence, 907 Church Street. The deceased is survived by her husband, two sons, H. A. Lanning and N. D. Lanning, and one daughter” (p. 4).

This was the same year that Hugh Lanning painted an advertising and stock scenery collection for the Blakesburg Opera House. In fact, Lanning was working at the Blakesburg Opera House when his daughter visited that fall. On Sept. 19, 1905, the Ottumwa Semi-Weekly Courier, announced, “Miss Fanchon Lanning, 907 Church Street, left on the Milwaukee this morning for Blakesburg, where she will visit her father Hugh Lanning” (p. 8).

For the next few years, Lanning drifted along, varying his work and seldom making news. It was as if his heart was no longer in the game.

On May 9, 1907, The Oskaloosa Herald reported, “Painting the Summer Cars.

The summer equipment of the Traction & Light Co. is being rapidly repainted and overhauled in every way. The work is being done by Hugh Lanning, an expert painter from Ottumwa, and some of his decorations on the cars, which are all hand work, are quite handsome. The cars will be put to use as soon as the work is completed” (p. 7). Lanning briefly relocated to Center, Iowa, where he worked as a sign painter. The 1910 US Federal Census listed that he was still living with his 23 yrs. old daughter that year. He returned to Ottumwa by 1912, where he was listed in the “Painters and Paperhangers” section of the City Directory, still working as a sign painter and now living at 524 Church.”

Over the next few years, Lanning’s named popped up here and there without much fanfare. One 1914 notice announced that he was selected was selected for jury duty. Another indicated his association with the Socialist party. The direction of Lanning’s painting projects during this time shifted toward residential decor. On Feb. 18, 1915, the Ottumwa Tri-Weekly Courier announced, “Hon. P. G. Ballingall has erected on top of his five-cent lunch house, a panoramic view that is immense. He must have got his idea for it in some oriental country during his trips around the world. Like the woman’s calico dress it must have been ‘pretty costive’ Hugh Lanning was the artist who executed it” (p. 2). This is the last article that I have located about Lanning’s work.  What once seemed a promising career simply faded away after World War I.

By 1920, Lanning was living with his daughter, Fanchon, son-in-law, Ed Schworm, and granddaughters, Patricia Ann and Betty. He remained at the Schworm home there until his passing. His last work as a scene and sign painter purportedly occurred in 1931.

Lanning passed away on Sept. 8, 1933. The cause of his death was listed as myocarditis; senility was considered a contributing cause.

Lanning’s obituary was published in the Ottumwa Courier on Sept. 9, 1933:

“Hugh Lanning, Sr., 80 years old, died at 401 McKinley avenue at 6 p.m. Friday. He was born in Agency township, the son of David and Nancy Lanning, April 27, 1853. In 1876 he was married to Josephine Rush. She preceded him in death in 1905. Since that time he has made his home with his daughter, Mrs. Ed M. Schworm. For many years, Mr. Lanning was a leading landscape and sign painter here. He has lived practically all his life in Ottumwa. Surviving are two sons, H.A. Lanning of Battle Creek, Mich., and N.D. Lanning of Chicago; one daughter, Mrs. Schworm of Ottumwa; three grandsons, five granddaughters and one great-grandson. Funeral services will be held Monday at 2 p.m. at the Schworm residence. The Rev. O.B. Preston, pastor of the Plymouth Congregational church will officiate. Burial will be in Shaul cemetery. The body was removed to the Johnson funeral chapel and will be returned to the home, Monday morning.”

To be continued…