Scenic Studio – Page 20 – Drypigment.net

Tales from a Scenic Artist and Scholar. Part 797 – Victor J. Hubal and the Joy & Cannon Scenic Studio in St. Paul, MN

Victor J. Hubal (1888-1872) was a scenic artists and member of United Scenic Artists Local 350. He worked as a Chicago-based scenic artist during the early twentieth century before moving to Minnesota. In 1912, he was working at Sosman & Landis where he likely received most of his scenic art training.

Hubal worked for at least three Minnesota-based scenic studios during his career in the “Land of 10,000 Lakes” – Twin City Scenic Co. (Minneapolis), Joy & Cannon Scenic Co. (St. Paul) and Universal Scenic Studio (St. Paul). In terms of the Twin City Scenic Co., many of the stage designs are now part of the Performing Arts Collection at the University of Minnesota Libraries, including on identified as Hubal’s. Lance Brockman curated the 1987 University Art Museum exhibit “Popular Entertainment 1895-1925: The Twin City Scenic Collection.” It is a wonderful resource with essays by several people that look at multiple aspects of popular entertainment and the painted aesthetic. The catalogue is still available through Amazon.com and other used bookstore cites. I strongly encourage anyone interested in theatre history or scenic art to add this book to your collection. Here is link to a few used copies on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/gp/offer-listing/0938713019/ref=dp_olp_used?ie=UTF8&condition=used

Design by Victor J. Hubal in the Twin City Scenic Co. Collection at the University of Minnesota Performing Arts Archives.

The other two Minnesota-based studios that Hubal worked for are less known. I’ll start with the obscure and short-lived firm, Joy & Cannon Scenic Co. of St. Paul. I have encountered this particular studio a few times over the past five years and the history of each studio founder is quite fascinating.

While researching Hubal, I discovered his WWI draft registration. He listed his occupation as a “scenic artist” and in regard to his employment status the draft card noted “not employed at present.” However, there was one sentence scribbled below this entry that caught my eye – “Joy & Cannon Scenic Co. in St. Paul.”

Advertisement for Joy & Cannon Scenic Co. in Joy & Cannon in the Opera House reporter, 1916, page 5

Here is the tale of why that studio name was so familiar to me, as it is one more link in the chain of American theatre history that circles back to Masonic scenery.

In 2015, I reconnected with the current steward of St. Paul’s Historic Triune Lodge Building, Kit Cusick. Cusick has tirelessly worked on the preserviation of this building for quite some time. I visited the Triune Lodge building while working as the Curatorial Director for the Minnesota Masonic Heritage Center. My trip was to take pictures of a specific lodge room stencil for possible use at the Heritage Center. I first encountered the lodge room stencil when working on the 1996 touring exhibit, “Theatre of the Fraternity: Staging the Ritual Space of the Scottish Rite, 1896-1929.” My 2015 recommendation to replicate and use the stencil fizzled like many other things in Bloomington, and although my relationship with the Minnesota Masonic Charities ended, my relationship with Cusick did not. During another trip Triune Lodge, I looked at the stage area and encountered a Masonic roll drop with a Joy & Cannon stencil. Coincidentally, my discovery was 100 years after Hubal listed the studio on his draft card.

Historic Triune Lodge in St. Paul, Minnesota

“Joy & Cannon Scenic Co. Metropolitan Opera House, St. Paul, Minn” was stenciled on the back of a picture sheet in the lodge room. This suggests that Joy & Cannon were renting the paint frame at the Metropolitan Opera House, and using that space as their studio.

Triune Lodge picture sheet stencil – Joy & Cannon Scenic Co.

The lodge’s picture sheet included a white center for projections that was circular in shape. Vaudeville houses, lodge rooms, social halls and early cinemas used similar designs before defaulting to solely white screens. A comparable picture sheet was installed at the Minneapolis Scottish Rite Theater for glass slide projections during degree work. For projections and early films, vibrantly painted draperies, frames and architectural ornamentation surrounded the white center. One way to brighten up a black and white film, especially when the general public is used to colorful scenic illusion on the stage!

Joy & Cannon picture sheet at Triune Lodge, St. Paul, MN

Twin City Scenic Co. picture sheet at the Minneapolis Scottish Rite

Being completely unfamiliar with the history of Joy & Cannon, I immediately emailed Lance Brockman. On January 16, 2018 he responded: “This is (Boyd) Joy and Cannon Studios. There were as many as 5-6 at one time in the Twin Cities (teens and twenties). I first learned about them from Vic Hubal’s materials that his son shared with me. There was a catalog amongst his memorial stuff. As I was told by Bill Brown [Twin City Scenic Co.] that most of the studios were start-ups from disgruntled employees. They would strike out on their own and come back once they had lost sufficient money. Twin City Scenic Co. would intentionally bid projects under cost just to achieve those results.”

The paint bridge for Joy & Cannon Scenic Co. pictured in their catalog.

I filed this little bit of studio information away and went on my merry way. Brockman’s response gave me a few markers when combing through various databases online this week. First of all, having a visual and detail-oriented memory is an asset – except when it comes to looking for my car keys or purse where I seem to forget all pertinent details. However, once in a while that cartoon lamp lights up over my head lights up over my head. That happened when I saw “Joy & Cannon” on the draft card for Hubal.

Joy & Cannon was a scenic studio that appeared during 1916 and had a sporadic existence, as the founders filtered in an out of a few business entities and projects during the First World War.

Joy & Cannon was still being advertised in the Film Yearbook of 1922-1923, which surprised me, after looking at dozens of city directories and cross checking the employment of the two founders. By this time, Cannon was known for his camouflage painting for the United States Marine Crops. And Joy was president of Universal Scenic Studio.

During the second and third decades of the twentieth century scenic studios popped up like daisies across the country. It is hard to convey the scope of painted illusion produced for a variety of entertainments at the time, or those who founded scenic studios.

Here is a list of scenic studios listed in the 1922-1923 Film Yearbook: Acme Scenic Artists Studios (Chicago), Armbruster and Sons (Columbus), Atlanta Scenic Co. (Atlanta), Baker & Lockwood (Kansas City), J. H. Beaumont Velvet Scenery Studios (Kansas City), The Wm. Beck & Sons Co. (Cincinnati), Wm. Bradley Studios (NYC), Wm. Campf Studio (NYC), Cox Scene Painting Studio (Philadelphia), Geo. Davis Scenic Studio, (Philadelphia), Enkeboll Art Co. (Omaha), Excelsior Studios & Theatre Supply Co. (Kalamazoo), Fabric Studios (Chicago), Fetters & Fisher (Philadelphia), Fredericks Scenic Studio (NYC), Gates and Morang (NYC), Hamilton Studios (NYC), D. C. Humphreys Co. (Philadelphia), Irwin & Sparks Scenic Studio (Philadelphia), Joy & Cannon Scenic Studio (St. Paul), Kahn & Bowman (NYC), Kansas City Scenic Co. (Kansas City), King Scenic Co. (Dallas), J. B. La Touche (Clearfield, Iowa), Lee Lash Studios (NYC), Law Scenic Studios (NYC), Jos. P. McHugh & Son (NYC), Manhattan Scenic Studios (NYC), Herbert L. Messmore Co. (NYC), Murray Hill Scenic Studios (NYC), New York Studios (NYC), Frank Platzer Studio (NYC), Theo. Reising & Co. (NYC), St. Louis Float & Scenic Co. (St. Louis), Schells Scenic Studio (Columbus), Jno. A. Servas Studio (Rochester, NY), D. Sheek & Co. (Cleveland), Star Scenic Studio, Inc. (Omaha), O.L. Story Scenic Studio (Boston), Allan J. Turner Studio (NYC), Twin City Scenic Co. (Minneapolis). Universal Scenic Artists Studios (Chicago), Werbe Scenic Studio (Kansas City), and Young Bros. (NYC).

This list is only a small portion of studios in the United States during the early 1920s, yet paints a picture of how rapidly the industry was growing in the post-WWI period. Consider that some the major studios were not even mentioned in the Film Yearbook of 1922-1923, such as Toomey & Volland (St. Louis) or Sosman & Landis (Chicago). These well-known giants of the industry had enjoyed a secure position for decades of experience and a dedicated clientele. When they came into existence, there was more work than providers and the competition was friendly. The balance begins to shift by the 1920s, even before the great depression. In many cases, disgruntled employees started their own studio, hoping to retain a greater percentage of their profits for their work. Many were short-lived, as their previous employers targeted the same work and were prepared to take a loss. It was a loss they could afford while crushing the new competition.

But there was also a shift in the industry as the demand for painted scenes began to diminish. The call for fabric draperies and settings ushered in a new era. This combined with the popularity of film caused many studios to falter and eventually close. Even the largest scenic studios were not immune to the industry shift. Joy & Cannon Scenic Studio, as well as many other small firms, appeared at a time when they would encounter a series of challenges, most beyond their control. Embracing the new trends and technologies was the only way to weather the storm. As I continue with the life and times of Thomas G. Moses in the pre- and post-WWI era, the company faltered because of their focus on painted scenery and inability to embrace change. As company president, Moses placed all of his bets on the wrong horse.

Tomorrow, I look at the lives of Boyd Phelps Joy and Gerald V. Cannon, scenic artists and founders of Joy & Cannon Scenic Studio.

To be continued…

Tales from a Scenic Artist and Scholar. Part 787 – Nicholas J. Pausback at Sosman & Landis, 1911

In 1911, Thomas G. Moses wrote, “Pausback had his hands full; Scott acted bad. Got Geo. Schultz on the staff at 20^th Street. I was obliged to remain at the Clinton Street studio only going to 20^th Street every other day.” Moses mentioned many Sosman & Landis scenic artists during his life. He greatly respected Pausback and his contribution to the studio.

In 1907, Moses first mentioned Pausback, writing, “I depended a great deal on Pausback to look after the work while I was away.” Two years later, Moses mentioned him again when Pausabck took control of the 20^th Street Studio. M<oses recalled that Pausback provided plenty of help “to rush the work through.” There was no question that Moses had great faith in Pausback’s abilities. By 1917 Pausback was still working at the Sosman & Landis annex and would remain with the company until its liquidation in 1923.

Nicholas John Pausback Jr., was born on May 5, 1881, in St. Louis, Missouri. He was the son of St. Louis residents Nicholas J. Pausback, Sr. (1853-1900) and Caroline Pausback (1859-1943), each born and raised in the city. By the end of his life, Pausback’s obituary credited him as being a “scenic artist de luxe”(Chicago Tribune 14 May 1953, page 36). Other notices reported his staying in the theatrical scenery business for 45 years with his wife Ottilia, and not retiring until 1947.

Pausback became the founder of Pausback Studios by 1927, four years aftert the initial close of Sosman & Landis. He ran Pausback Studio for twenty years, retiring only six years before his passing in 1953. As with many competitors, Pausback Studio primarily focused on public school and college projects, outfitting school stages with rigging and draperies. This branch of the industry had greatly increased in the 1920s and continued to thrive until the 1960s. Tiffin Scenic Studios and Art Drapery Studios became major competitors of Pausback Studios by the 1950s (The Times, 11 Feb 1953, page 2). Eventually Pausback merged with Acme and Carsen in 1957 to form the Acme Carsen Pausback Studio (see past installment #566). The company placed advertisements in the 1959 “Educational Theatre Journal” (Vol. 11, No. 1, i-xxxviii).

Prior to working at Sosman & Landis in Chicago, Pausback began his scenic artist career in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1901, his occupation was listed in city directories as that of “artis.” Pausback’s residence was at 3113 Magnolia Ave. In 1904, Pausback married to Otillia Groebl (1883-1963) and the couple raised five children: Elvira Mary (m. Harold J. Howard), Mary C. (m. Mr. Welsh) and Mrs. Therese Curtis. Raymond J. Pausback (m. Yvonne Singer), and Very Rev. Gabriel N. Pausback (b. 1905) of the Carmelite order. Records show that the two eldest children of five were born in St. Louis during 1905 and 1906, with the remaining children being born in Chicago. In the early years, Pausback was crisscrossing the country like many artists, completing a variety of painting projects that included seventy-five scenes for the Grand Theatre in Owensboro, Kentucky (Messenger-Inquirer, 22 June 1905, page 8). Of this installation, twenty-five of the scenes were backdrops, with the greater part remaining framed pieces. In Kentucky, he waorked alongside stage carpenters J. A. McDanuel and his son.

N. J. Pausback pictured in 1928 (back row, second from the left).

In 1907, Pausback relocated to Chicago, immediately working with Moses at the Sosman & Landis in the 20^th Street Studio. By 1908, Pausback became the shop manager of the space, replacing Ansel Cook. By 1916, Pausback was frequently sent to in New York, installing shows with fellow Sosman & Landis employee, Harry Nailer, the well-known stage carpenter. He worked for New York Studios, the eastern affiliate of Sosman & Landis.

During the 1920s, Pausback founded Pausback Scenery Co. Living at 6606 Woodlawn Ave., in Chicago Illinois. His scenery company was located at 3727 Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago (Chicago Tribune 2 Dec. 1928, page 2). After founding the firm, Pausback also wrote a book on Stage Craft; a book that I am still tracking down (Dec. 17, 1928). By 1929, the Pausback Scenery Co was credited with a new innovation for gigantic Christmas trees – spangles in various shapes and sizes, some that measured 10 inches in diameter (Chicago Tribune 9 Dec. 1929, page 3).

Over the years, the Pauback studio pops up in several newspaper articles, but nothing really consistent. Briefly morphing from Pausback Studio to the Pausback Scenery Co.. the firm is briefly mentioned as providing properties for “Wings of a Century” at 1934 Century of Progress World fair in Chicago.

Toward the end of his career, Pausback partnered with another Sosman & Landis scenic artist, Art W. Oberbeck (Blue Island Sun Standard Archives, 15 June 1944, Page 6). Oberbeck and Pausback had started at Sosman & Landis around the same time; Oberbeck starting as a paint boy at the in 1904 and Pausback as a journeyman artist three years later.

In 1939 Pausback Studios advertised, “Scenery and Lighting Equipment Built and Rented” with offices located at 3727 Cottage Grove Avenue, Chicago and the phone nunbers being Drexel 7060 and 7061 (Labor Union Directory). The key to any scenic studio’s success at this time was diversification, manufacturing and installing both stage machinery and lighting systems.

Pausback was also an amateur magician. As a member of the International Brotherhood of Magicians and the American Society of Magicians, his stage name was “Nicodemus, the Magician” (Chicago Tribune 14 May 1953, page 36). This persona was even remembered “Do You Remember When,” a section published in an “Independent Magazine for Magicians” known as “The Sphinx” in 1949. “The magazine queried, “Do you remember when Nick Pausback, scenic artist de luxe, of Chicago was known as “Nicodemus, the Magician?” (Page 12).

Pausback passed away on March 13, 1953, buried in St. Mary Catholic Cemetery in Evergreen Park. His last residence was at 1000 S. Rhodes Ave., Chicago, Illinois.

To be continued…

Tales from a Scenic Artist and Scholar: Part 778 – Scenic Studios and a New Drop Curtain 1911

When Western Scenery Co. made an appearance in Lincoln, Nebraska, during 1911, the “Lincoln Herald” reported, “In the past 10 years the subject of scenery painting has attracted the attention of the most skillful painters in the world. The demand is for a much higher grade of artistic painting especially in localities where artwork is appreciated. Lincoln is fortunate in having Western Scenery Co., formerly of Chicago, located here, at 2042 O Street under the management of Mr. C. L. Dodson” (March 3, 1911).

A year earlier, the business directory section of the “New York Dramatic Mirror” listed ten scenic studios: H. P. Knight Scenic Studios (New York), Sosman & Landis Great Scene Painting Studio (Chicago), M. Armbruster & Sons (Columbus), Ormston Scenic Construction Co. (New York), the O. H. Story Scenic Co. (Boston), Inc., P. Dodd Ackerman Scenic Studio (New York), Schell’s Scenic Studio (Columbus, Ohio), the Myer’s Company, Inc., Scenic Studio (Steubenville, Ohio), Howard Tuttle (Milwaukee, Wisconsin), H. Fredericks (New York), and the C. Wash. Valentine Scenic Studios (Brooklyn, NY). Individual advertisements included Edward Fourneir (Minneapolis, MN), W. H. McConnell (Minneapolis), and H. Maurice Tuttle (Milwaukee).

There were many other scenic studios at the time not listed in the “New York Dramatic Mirror,” such as Toomey & Volland, Lee Lash, and New York Studios. Keep in mind that by 1910, Sosman & Landis studio was celebrating three decades of business, having installed stock scenery collections in thousands of theaters nationwide. During the period from 1880 to 1894 alone, they had delivered stock scenery collections to 4000 theaters nationwide.

Although scenic art production was nearing its peak in the United States, change was in the air. The same year that the Sosman & Landis shops were manufacturing hundreds of painted scenes in Chicago, a new type of drop curtain arrived at the Blackstone Theatre. One January 13, 1911, the “Fremont Tribune” of Fremont, Kansas, reported, “The new Blackstone theater in Chicago possesses the finest stage curtain in the United States, if not the world. It is a solid piece of imported tapestry and cost $15,ooo without including the duty” (page 5). $15,000 in 1911 is equivalent in purchasing power to about $404, 436.32 in 2019. The article continued, “There are only two other theaters in the world that have curtains of the same kind, and neither of these, it is said, is a fine a piece of work as Blackstone’s. One of these curtains is at Milan [Italy] and the other in [Moscow] Russia. No Paris playhouse has such a curtain, and there is none in England. The curtain was woven especially at Aubusson, near Paris. It is the largest single piece of tapestry ever imported into this country, measuring 30 ½ by 42 feet.”

Postcard depicting the Blackstone Theatre

Image of the $15,000 tapestry drop curtain, from “Fine Arts Journal,” Vol. 24, No. 4, pp.280-281

The work began in the studio of M. Lemaille in Montmartre, Paris, two years prior to delivery. From a small cartoon, a full sign-painting was created for the tapestry artisans. The actual weaving did not commence until June 1910 at Aubusson. The tapestry was a partial reproduction of a famous tapestry owned by Napoleon that depicted a group of young people dancing on the green in the time of Louis XII.

The April 1911 publication of “Fine Arts Journal” included the article “A $15,000 Tapestry Drop Curtain” (Vol. 24, No. 4, pp.280-281). The Blackstone Theatre was credited as being “the most modern and the handsomest playhouse in America,” erected by Chicago businessmen at a cost of $500,000 in Hubbard Place between Michigan Boulevard and Wabash Avenue and adjoining the Blackstone Hotel. Charles Frohman, Klaw and Erlanger were the lessees with Harry J. Power as manager and Augustus Pitou, Jr. as business manager.

It was William J. Sinclair, director of the Hasselgren Studios, who conceived the idea of having a drop curtain of tapestry. Hasselgren Studios was a furniture company and celebrated interior-decorating firm that operated between 1911 and 1937 in Chicago. The firm was famous for their fine art work in mansions, hired for decorating. The artistic staff included scenic artists who painted ceiling murals on canvas that were shipped and hung in distant locales. They were also well known for their Oriental rugs, too, many of which were woven in Persia and would take years to complete. (Quad City Times, 24 May 1953, page 4). The company went bankrupt in the 1920s, with much of the stock being sold to John A. Colby and Sons. The order for the Tapestry drop curtain was placed over two years before delivery and necessitated a full-sized “cartoon” for the design. The piece was completed only a month before its arrival in the United States and the duty was noted as “a small fortune.”

Hasselgren Studios advertisement in the “Chicago Tribune,” Feb 12, 1911, page 21

Hasselgren Studios advertisement from the “Chicago Tribune,” Jan 31, 1915, page 44

What should be contemplated after thinking of this substantial purchase is the significance of the proscenium opening. Although the auditorium was ornately decorated with Ivory, dull gold and green, the “Fine Arts Journal” explained that the color scheme was “specifically designed to harmonize with and display the beautiful tapestry drop curtain.” As in many cases with previously painted drops curtains, the entire auditorium functioned as a frame for the artwork hanging in the proscenium. The architectural elements were simply supportive to whatever was suspended in the focal point of the auditorium – the proscenium.

To be continued…

Tales from a Scenic Artist and Scholar: Part 777 – Dodson and the Western Scenery Co. in Lincoln, Nebraska, 1911

In 1911, Thomas G. Moses wrote, “I did a good curtain for Lincoln, Nebr.” As I started combing through newspaper records for a drop curtains in Lincoln mentioned during 1911, I came across several interesting articles, including one drop curtain for Leavenworth prison. It is difficult to verify Moses’ work without a secondary source, such as a newspaper clipping, so I am uncertain the exact nature of his project. I often feel that I am grasping at straws in the dark, until a little gem pops up out of nowhere.

Postcard showing a birds-eye view of Lincoln, Nebraska, 1914

Fortunately, while looking in Lincoln newspapers for information, one article came to my attention. It was published in “The Lincoln Herald” on March 3, 1911, and brought a new scenic studio to my attention. The headline of the article was “Western Scenery Co. C. L. Dodson, Manager. ” Here is the article in its entirety:

“In the past 10 years the subject of scenery painting has attracted the attention of the most skillful painters in the world. The demand is for a much higher grade of artistic painting especially in localities where artwork is appreciated. Lincoln is fortunate in having Western Scenery Co., formerly of Chicago, located here, at 2042 O Street under the management of Mr. C. L. Dodson.

Postcard showing O Street in Lincoln, Nebraska, 1910

It is the purpose of this company to make a specialty of scenery and curtains for theatres by the most approved and up to date methods, They receive many inquiries and orders for this class of work and are at this time painting a drop curtain for the opera house at Harper, Kansas, which, when completed will be a high grade piece of work. Mr. Dodson is widely known throughout the west as a master of the art and has made curtains for the opera house at Beatrice, Wilber and many other towns in the west. He employs only competent men who are reliable in their work. For more detailed information call, phone address Western Scenery Co. 2041 O Street, Bell A2594.”

There is a great possibility that Moses was one of the “competent men who are reliable in their work” that Dodson employed during a particularly busy period. However, little is known of the Western Scenery Co. of Lincoln, Nebraska. Two Dodson’s lived in Lincoln in 1911, with C. A. Dodson residing at 108 North 27^th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska (Lincoln Journal Star, 21 June 1911, page 7). Were there a C. A. Dodson and a C. L. Dodson? Near the end of summer in 1911, however, another advertisement appeared in the “Lincoln Star.” “Dodson & Dodson” advertised as “Scenic Artists, Opera House scenery, aluminum curtains, stand alone stuff a specialty. We book vaudeville attractions. 108 North 27^th. Bell A2594” (6 August 1911, page 12).

Advertisement for Dodson & Dodson in Lincoln, Nebraska

As I continued to search for clues about the Dodsons, C. A. Dodson was described as “artist, genius, dope-fiend, and much married man” (Lincoln Star, 23 Feb. 1909, page 3). Reading the various newspaper articles about Dodson’s drunken episodes, however, was like watching an artist’s life slowly go down the drain. It was the time when alcohol addiction was perceived as a character flaw and not a disease.

The earliest article that I came across was published on Dec. 26, 1908. C. A. Dodson. Described as an “individual whose uncontrollable thirst and passionate love of ‘dope’ has made him a derelict…he was arrested yesterday on a charge of taking a ride in a cab when he didn’t have coin to pay for the privilege.” On February 1, 1909, the “Lincoln Journal” reported, C. A. Dodson, the man with an uncontrollable predilection to alcoholism and unending spasms of delirium tremens, is in the city jail. He was able to walk without staggering a few days ago, so was released from the county jail. He immediate secured a job of decorative painting at Friend. At that place he imbibed again and his subsequent antics so horrified the populace they hired a keeper for him, put the couple on the next train and sent them to Lincoln, where Dodson was released again. The police soon gathered him in again as in his usual conditions.”

A similar story about Dodson was published a few months later, on February 2, 1909, in the “Lincoln State Journal” (page 10):

“C. A. Dodson, a scenic artist, who has been of late a frequent occupant of the city hall, and who has been sent to the insane asylum as a dipsomaniac was brought into the police yesterday afternoon by a resident of Friend who had come across Dodson in that city acting in a peculiar manner. The man from Friend said that the citizens of that place had been much alarmed by the actions and had requested that he be taken to the Lincoln police and an attempt made to have him taken again to the asylum. The doctors at the asylum say that Dodson has reached the incurable stage of dipsomania and that it is useless to send him for treatment. Dodson is also a dope fiend as well as a systemic drinker, being a user of morphine and cocaine. Chief of Police Cooper said yesterday that he was at loss to know what to do with the man, as he was no sooner released from the custody of the police that he was back in jail in a lamentable state. It was the opinion of Judge Risser that Dodson should be permanently assigned to one of the state institutions as he was now so far gone nervously that he was no longer able to care for himself and really needed a constant guardian. Dodson was sent to the county jail yesterday afternoon and Judge Risser purposes taking his case up with the insanity board with the view of having him permanently committed to one of the state institutions.” Sadly, later that year, Dodson was accused of beating his wife and received jail time (Lincoln Star, 7 Dec, 1909, page 1). The article reported, “On complaint of his wife that he had been coercing her to give him all the money she made as a department store clerk that he might use it to purchase whiskey, and that he had been guilty of beating her, C. A. Dobson was Tuesday sentenced to thirty days in county jail. For some time Dodson has been known to the police as a shiftless citizen, who cares little for work and less for keeping poverty from his home, and when he was brought before the police magistrate Tuesday on the charge of wife-beating he was given a moderate sentence.” For a little context, Dodson’s first wife, Mary E. Dodson, filed for divorce against C. A. Dodson on May 18, 1895 (Kirwin Globe, Kirwin, Kansas 5 April 1895, page 4).

In 1913, Dodson was still spending spells in jail for drunkenness and threatening his wife with physical harm (Lincoln Star, 5 Oct. 1913, page 4). He made headlines again, this time for picking up a heavy cuspidor and hurling it into the midst of a group of prisoners. It struck Robert Robinson, a veterinary surgeon, who was serving a similar sentence, and split open his ear.

By 1915, the “Nebraska State Journal” reported, “C. A. Dodge, paroled on April 6 from the state insane asylum, was picked up on the street yesterday afternoon in a drunken conditions. When examined at the police station he was found to be suffering from his former trouble and the hospital authorities were notified. He was returned to the asylum last night” (19 Nov. 1915, page 4).

In 1916, the “Lincoln Journal Star” reported, “C. A. Dodson, a patient at the asylum, escaped from the institution early Monday morning. He was found by the police at 9 o’clock near Eighteenth and G streets and was taken back to the hospital” (10 July 1916, page 10).

Postcard showing the Lincoln State Penitentiary, ca. 1930s.

There was not much to discover about Dodson after 1916, no death notice or any other asylum escapes. It is just such a sad story, yet a small blip in the life of American scenic art.

To be continued…

Travels of a Scenic Artist and Scholar. Thomas G. Moses, the National Theatre Supply Co. and William Lemle Inc.

On my return trip home from the League of Historic American Theatres conference in Philadelphia, I stopped by the Egyptian Theatre in DeKalb, Illinois. While examining the old fire curtain, I spotted not only the Union stencil, but also a stencil with “National Theatre Supply Company” above it. Over the years, National Theatre Supply Co. has popped up on my radar, time and time again.

The Egyptian Theatre in DeKalb, Illinois

The fire curtain for the Egyptian Theatre in DeKalb, Illinois, painted by William Lemle Co. and delivered by the national Theatre Supply Co.

As I peered at the faint type above “National Theatre Supply Company” on the asbestos curtain, I first made out the word “Lemle,” and then “Painted by William Lemle Co.” The Egyptian Theatre fire curtain is extremely significant in the course of American Theatre history for this stencil alone, as it links together two significant scenic studios in 1929.

Back of Egyptian Theatre fire curtain noting, “Painted by William Lemle Co. in Chicago for National Theatre Supply Co.”

I immediately thought of another project delivered by the two studios the same year, a second Egyptian-themed theater that was built in McAlester, Oklahoma. National Theatre Supply Co. and Wm. Lemle Co. delivered one of the largest Scottish Rite scenery collections in the United States to the Scottish rite Theater in McAlester, Oklahoma. In a newspaper article from November 1929, Moses was noted as a representative for both the Lemle Co. and the National Theatre Supply Co. in regard to the McAlester Scottish Rite project. Moses designed and painted the entire collection, recording that the stage settings were 40’-0” high by 60’-0” wide and the stage was 140’-0” deep.

While researching these two studios in 1929, I encountered a letter sent to Moses at “Wm. Lemle Co., Chicago, Ill.” Penned by William H. Fuller, Venerable Master of the Albert Pike Lodge of Perfection in McAlester, he mentions that the scenery was damaged en route to the McAlester Scottish Rite theater, and specifically requests for either the Lemle Co. or the National Theatre Supply Co. to write a letter recording their grievance.

So what do we know about the National theatre Supply Co. and Moses’ involvement with the firm? Let’s start with the end of Sosman & Landis in 1923. That year the studio is liquidated, their space rented to another firm and the name sold. Moses partners with Fred Megan of the Kansas City Scenic Co. and they attempt to purchase the name of the company. Before they are able to legally use the name “Sosman & Landis,” they work under the studio name Moses & Megan. Hoyland and Lemle purchased the Sosman & Landis studio contents at that same time. Later William Lemle Inc. would use the old Sosman & Landis studio space.

Moses & Megan lease the Fabric Studio in Chicago, the same company that delivers the Joplin Scottish Rite scenery. Moses & Megan produce the 1926 Salt Lake Consistory scenery, as well as the 1927 Oakland Scottish Rite scenery. Moses and Megan would continue working together until 1931, but Moses would also begin representing both the William Lemle Co. and the National Theatre Supply Co.

Why is Moses so adamant to retain the studio name? Because Moses has been a major player in Sosman & Landis scenery production since the very beginning. The studio name is synonymous with quality and Moses is integrally linked to the company. One could even surmise that Moses was the face of the company, as his reputation was intertwined with their work since 1880. In 1904 after Moses returned to Chicago after a successful career in New York City (Moses & Hamilton), he assumed all control over all Sosman & Landis design, painting, construction and installation. He becomes the vice-president and was even rewarded $5,000 in stocks in addition to control over production. He later becomes company president after the death of studio founder Joseph S. Sosman. Moses had an incentive to remain connected with the studio name until quite late in his career. In later years, he is listed as the artistic director of Sosman & Landis.

However, there are a few things to keep in mind as National Theatrical Supply is established in the shadows of Sosman & Landis’s close. In 1920, six Sosman & Landis scenic artists leave to form Service Studios. Many of the black and white photographs in their sales books are exact replicas of Sosman & Landis Masonic models. In other words, they are peddling the same designs without the Sosman & Landis name. Service Studios is soon sold and becomes ACME studio. The ACME studio also uses the Sosman & Landis designs in their sales catalogues.

This all happens after a big upset at Sosman & Landis. Two key figures responsible for the Scottish Rite connection pass away just before WWI; founder Joseph S. Sosman and M. C. Lilley representative Bestor G. Brown. Their passing causes the alliance between a major regalia company and a significant scenic studio to cease, allowing another studio takes the reins of Masonic degree production – Toomey & Volland. Under the leadership of Hugo R. Volland, St. Louis Scottish Rite backstage director and president of Toomey & Volland, this St. Louis-based scenic studio is awarded dozens of Masonic contracts in the post-WWI years.

Now back to the another firm delivering Scottish Rite scenery in the 1920s – the National Theatre Supply Co. Founded in 1926, the National Theatre Supply Company advertised as the “largest theatre equipment and supply service organization,” with “31 well managed, well stocked branch store in operation throughout the country, doing a volume of business considerably in excess of what was transacted when the field was being served by individual dealers. And, too, more dependable and satisfactory service is in evidence on every hand.”

Their advertisements explain, “chain store operation in other American industries is one of increased efficiency in service and pronounced economy in merchandising, reacting directly and favorably to the advantage of those who buy. This condition is being exemplified in the operation of the National Theatre Supply Company.” This paragraph is hard to read without thinking of the massive theatrical complexes targeted by this new company and not think, “Super-size me.”

In 1927, the National Theatre Supply Company noted that a new scenery and drape department was formed under its direct supervision. The new department was paced under the direction of Mr. P. L. Landis, “a specialist in stage technique with headquarters in the general offices of the Company in Chicago.” Landis was credited with being “well known to the trade, having been a member of the original Sosman & Landis Company in Chicago. With 12 years of experience in all braches of scenery production and stagecraft, he is particularly fitted to head the new department.” When Moses was elected Sosman & Landis Co. president in 1915, Arthur Sosman was elected vice-president and Perry Landis treasurer.

National Theatre Supply Co. advertisements note the following:

“The National Theatre Supply Company manufacturers nothing, nor has it any direct control over factory costs or factory list prices of any article it sells. It is strictly a sales organization and service representative of a majority of manufacturers of theatre equipment and supplies. It is therefore obvious that the establishment of selling process is not within its power, except insofar as quantity purchasing and increased consumption are concerned. Quantity production and distribution governs the price of everyday commodity or service, regardless of its nature. The same conditions apply to the theatre supply industry and any readjustment of prices must necessarily result from the patronage and support. And when manufacturers are given a suitable volume of business, their products serviced promptly and reliably and their bills paid in accordance with terms there s very little likelihood of an increase in price of these products.”

The same National Theatre Supply catalogue included a photograph with the caption, “Spacious scenic studio of William Lemle Inc. of Chicago, the entire output of which will be distributed through national service.” The problem is that the photograph actually depicted the Sosman & Landis studio prior to WWI, complete with Joseph Sosman in the center and Moses painting one of the drops. The Lemle company was simply using an old photograph of the space.

Image brought to my attention by Bob Foreman, courtesy of Rick Zimmerman

To be continued…

Travels of a Scenic Artist and Scholar. The Egyptian Theatre in DeKalb, Illinois, July 19, 2019

Brochure of the Egyptian Theatre in DeKalb, Illinois

My visit to the Thomas G. Moses’ Oak Park home and the gravesite of Walter W. Burridge took more time than anticipated on Friday, July 19. This prevented my traveling north to Fox Lake where Palette & Chisel club members once congregated during the summer. I came up with a quick “Plan B.” Looking at rush-hour traffic on a Friday afternoon, I decided to simply head to my final destination for the evening in Genoa, Illinois, by way of DeKalb. On a whim, I decided to contact the executive director of the Egyptian Theatre to see if I could stop by and see the theater.

I met both the executive director and architect who are in the midst of a major renovation, expanding the theater to expand restrooms, concessions, storage and add air conditioning. Representatives from theater had actually attended my session on researching historic venues at the League of Historic American Theatre’s conference that week.

Signs explaining the major renovation at the Egyptian Theatre in DeKalb, Illinois.

I arrived a few minutes early for my meeting, allowing me the opportunity to walk around the block and examine the “L-shaped” structure of the building from various angles. Fortunately, it was a small block, preventing me from suffering heat stroke on my short walk. It was one of those ridiculously hot and humid days. The earlier trek about the Forest Home Cemetery had just about done me in that afternoon.

View of the Egyptian Theatre’s fly tower

Alley between the auditorium and nearby buildings, the structure is “L-shaped.”

I had never stopped in the area, but downtown DeKalb is lovely with colorful floral displays dotting every corner. The front of the Egyptian Theatre is really an anomaly when compared with other buildings on the street. Opening in 1929, the exterior and interior was decorated in the popular Egyptian theme, a trend that picked up speed after the discovery of Tutankhamen’s tomb in 1922.

View of the Egyptian Theatre form the stage

As I entered the building, I examined by the narrow lobby that led to the auditorium on the right; no wonder the need for expansion. Not quite sure of what to expect in the auditorium, I was surprised by large murals on the house left and house right sides.

Looking at the rows of refurbished seating, I had to wonder what local audiences thought when the theater first opened to the public. I made my way to the stage, curious to see if any original machinery still remained. Nope.

When the building was constructed, however, the focal point of the auditorium’s Egyptian decor was a colorful fire curtain. Removed, encapsulated, and repositioned in the early 1980s, the painted composition is now difficult to see under work lights. My host graciously pulled up an image of the curtain on his phone. The scene reminded me of one in the scenic collection database at the University of Minnesota Performing Arts Archives. I went to the backside of the fire curtain to see of there was a studio stamp.

The fire curtain at the Egyptian Theatre

The fire curtain at teh Egyptian Theatre

The fire curtain under stage lights during my visit

What I discovered made my brief stop completely worthwhile. Above a very faint union stamp, was the name of the studio. The executive director was completely unaware of the stencil as I attempted to read the script. After a few moments of squinting and taking pictures to enlarge the font, it became clear that the name of the studio was “National Theatre Supply Co. Chicago.” Wow.

National Theatre Supply Co. of Chicago was one of the many theatre firms that Thomas G. Moses (1856-1934) worked for during the late 1920s and early 1930s. He passed away in 1934. He not only worked for National Theatre Supply Co., but also Armstrong Studios and William Lemle and Co, dividing his time between studios in Chicago, Illinois, and Oakland, California.

More on the National Theatre Supply Co. tomorrow.

To be continued…

Travels of a Scenic Artist and Scholar. Walter W. Burridge and Forest Park Cemetery, July 19, 2019

Picture of Walter W. Burridge pasted in the scrapbook of Thomas G. Moses

After visiting the home of Thomas G. Moses, I ventured over to see the gravesite of another scenic art legend – Walter Wilcox Burridge (1857-1913). The day had turned into a scenic art pilgrimage, as both Moses and Burridge were incredibly significant within the framework of American scenic art.

Postcard depicting a painting by Walter W. Burridge mailed to Thomas G.Moses in 1908

On Saturday, June 28, 1913, the “Oak Leaves” reported, “The funeral of Walter W. Burridge, late of New York, took place this Saturday afternoon from Grace church. Mr. Burridge died in New Mexico and the funeral took place here because Oak Park has become the home of Mr. Burridge since he became ill. Interment will take place at Forest Home” (page 34).

Unfortunately for me, my visit coincided with an intense heat wave in the Midwest. It was far too hot to be traipsing about the Forest Home Cemetery, yet I persisted, realizing that this opportunity may not dome again. Moving the car from one shaded spot to another and donning my sunhat, I finally located the Burridge’s tombstone. Kneeling in the grass before his grave, I took a moment to contemplate the life of this extremely talented artist. Despite the heat, I thought about his many projects in a relatively short period of time. Burridge died from “heart disease” at the age fifty-six years old while on a sketching trip to Albuquerque. He was working on an upcoming project for the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition.

A line from the musical “Hamilton” popped into my head while kneeling in the warm grass, “I ask myself, what would you do if you had more time.” Moses included an article by T. D. Williams article about Burridge in his scrapbook. Here is the article, “Great Colorist Dead.”

“A number of Chicago gentlemen prominent in the paint business have been life long friends of Walter W. Burridge, an artist of national, and one might almost say, international repute, because he visited London several times in the interest of art, who just dies while at Albuquerque, N. M., where he had gone to make sketches for pictures to be exhibits at the Panama-Pacific Exposition. The pictures painted by Mr. Burridge of the Grand Canyon earned him great praise, while other well known works have brought him equal prominence. He studied color, as every artist must do, and he sought and obtained pleasing effects for his scenic work, and is probably best known for his wonderful production of stage scenery. Many leading theatrical managers, actors and authors engaged him to paint settings and illustration for their productions, and there are few men who in the present time have painted as many excellent scenic and studio pictures. His beautiful pictures of Yellowstone National Park scenery have never been surpassed, while his wonderful scheme of color, so true to nature, makes a living record of the beauty and grandeur of the Yosemite valley, cataracts, lakes, giant rocks, towering domes and all the beauty spots of the valley which he faithfully transferred to canvas. The studio pictures of Mr. Burridge have frequently been exhibits in the various art institutions and galleries of this country. Nature was his great teacher. His mastermind gave him supreme command of the scale of color, which is evidenced by the many beautiful works of art which he has left. Mr. Burridge came from New York and was a resident for many years in La Grange, Illinois, the beautiful suburb in Chicago, in which he had many friends.”

Although I have written extensively about Burridge in past installments of “Tales of a Scenic Artist and Scholar,” here is a brief recap of his career:

At a very early age, Burridge apprenticed himself to a sign painter from Hoboken, New Jersey. His talent and outgoing personality soon brought him in contact with key personalities who were connected with the old Park Theatre in Brooklyn. Burridge soon found himself engaged as a part-time scenic art assistant, and by the age of thirteen was working full-time for Harley Merry at his Brooklyn Studio. Merry was the “artistic alias” for English stage performer Ebenezer Brittain.

Burridge was only was thirteen tears old at the time. He accompanied Merry to complete distant projects in both Chicago and Philadelphia, making all of the necessary connections for his career to soar. Burridge’s early career included a series of mentors, such as Russell Smith, who took a great interest in shaping the career of this talented young artist, later recommending him for a series of projects. Burridge’s talent and magnetic personality drew people toward him, providing one opportunity after another. His network of support included well-known performers and producers, including actress Mrs. John Drew.

Burridge’s artistic endeavors throughout the duration of his career spanned all across the continental United States and Hawaii. I will include just a few of the more notable venues. In Philadelphia, Burridge did a considerable work at the Arch Street Theatre, Broad Street Theatre, Walnut Street Theater, and Academy of Music. He also painted scenery for the Academy of Music in Baltimore, before moving to New York City where he accepted an engagement under J. H. Haverly, painting for many of Haverly’s theaters from New York to California, including the Fifth Avenue, Fourteenth Street, Niblos’ Garden, and Chestnut Street theaters. Other artistic endeavors included panoramas. In 1876, Burridge painted the “Siege of Paris” for the Centennial and later the “Battle of Gettysburg.”

He moved to Chicago by 1882, settling in suburban La Grange with his wife and securing work at the Bijou, 14^th Street Theatre and Standard Theatre. Around this time, Burridge was also under contract with John A. Havlin from 1882 to 1885 for work at the Grand Theatre. He also worked for six years as the scenic artist at the Grand Opera House and at McVicker’s Theatre; the man seemed unstoppable and scenic art was a thriving business. From 1887 until 1882, Burridge partnered with Thomas Moses (1856-1934) and successful art dealer M. Louderback to found Burridge, Moses & Louderback, located at the Columbia Theatre in Chicago. During less than two busy years, Burridge, Moses & Louderback stocked six theatres with all of the necessary scenery – no small task. Unfortunately personality clashes between Burridge and Louderback ended the partnership; Louderback came from a “managing art” background while Burridge came from a “creating art” background.

It was only a few years later, Burridge partnered with Ernest Albert (1857-1946), and Oliver Dennett Grover (1861-1927), to form “Albert, Grover & Burridge, Scenic and Decorative Painters” by 1891. Ernest Albert. Albert and Burridge, both artists first worked for Harley Merry at the Park and Union Square Theatres in New York. Albert, Grover & Burridge had a studio with over 12,000 square feet of working area, and another 2,500 square feet devoted to storage and sewing rooms. They had twenty paint frames, ranging from 56 by 35 feet to 30 by 20 feet. The firm did a considerable amount of business for the World’s Columbian exposition of 1893, including the cyclorama, “Volcano of Kilauea.” Burridge traveled to the Hawaiian Islands, making a series of faithful reproductions to capture this natural phenomenon, with his final composition measured 54’ x 412’ and was also a major attraction at the Mid-winter Fair in Sacramento. Unfortunately for Albert, Grover & Burridge, their business venture went bankrupt in two years and Burridge was again on his own.

The scenic studio founded by Walter Burridge, Oliver D. Grover and Ernest Albert

By 1900, Burridge was the scenic artist for the Chicago Auditorium and the Great Northern Theatre. He was also engaged by Henry W. Savage to prepare the scenes for the Castle Square Opera Company at the Studebaker Music Hall. We also know that Burridge designed the scenery for the premiere of “The Wizard of Oz” at the Chicago Opera House.

In 1900, Horace Lewis recalled a visit with Burridge writing, “every object, from his devoted wife to the pictures upon the walls, and his den in the garret, is indicative of the genial, most modest nature and simple poetry of the man who finds his greatest wealth within that home.”

Burridge passed away during a trip to Albuquerque, New Mexico while visiting the area to sketches for the upcoming 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition. His funeral was at Grace Episcopal Church in Oak Park, Illinois, although the family did not attend the church. One can only imagine the projects that Burridge could have accomplished had he lived beyond the age of fifty-six.

Know as “Wallie” to his close friends, he was laid to rest at Forest Home Cemetery on June 24, 1913. His son would join him at Forest Home Cemetery three years later after an accidental drowning at the age of 30. The family grave now contains Burridge, his son son Walter C. (1886-1916) and wife Jane Anne (1860-1938). After losing her husband and son in such a short span of time, Jane lived for another twenty-two years, passing away when she was of 78 years, 4 months, and 20 days old.

Backside of Burridge grave site with dates for his son Walter “Cyril” Burridge who died three years after Walter W. Burridge

Aerial view of Forest Home Cemetery near Oak Park, Illinois

To be continued…

Travels of a Scenic Artist and Scholar. The Collingswood Scottish Rite, July 13 and July 17, 2019.

The front of the Collingswood Scottish Rite includes the original mansion that was built on the property in the 1850s

The design for the Collingswood Scottish Rite

My visit to the Collingswood Scottish Rite on July 13, 2019

In 1991, I encountered a series of Scottish Rite scenic designs with “Camden, NJ” written on the back. This was while I was processing the Holak collection for the University of Minnesota Performing Arts Archives as part of an Undergraduate Opportunities Program grant. The Holak collection was the second of two Masonic scenery collections that I processed between 1989 and 1991. The Holak collection included a variety of designs created by “Sosman & Landis” and their eastern affiliate “New York Studios.”

By 1992, I journeyed to the East Coast for the first time, newly engaged and visiting my fiancée’s family in Delaware. Unfortunately, there never seemed to be any opportunity to track down the Camden Scottish Rite, so it sat on the back burner for a few decades until this month.

Over the years, I would think of the Camden designs every time we visited friends or family in New Jersey. Opportunity finally presented itself while I was attending the League of Historic America Theatres national conference in Philadelphia. I was on my way back to New Jersey with our eldest child’s godparents when we decided to stop by and take a look. I had not scheduled a visit or checked if the building would even be open, just hoping to catch a glimpse of the fly tower. The Collingswood Scottish Rite was only two blocks away from the Camden city line and bustling with activity when we stopped.

There were cars in the parking lot and many exiting the building – score! This meant that I might be able to venture in far enough to see the lobby, and possibly the theater. Unbelievably our arrival coincided with the break between the matinee and evening performances of “Seussical” – not by the Masons, but by a local community theater group. Although, the idea of a Masonic version of “Seussical” does make me giggle – “Oh, the Thinks You Can Think!” But I digress…

Once inside the building, I met with an enthusiastic woman who eagerly listened to my connection with Masonic theater and then introduced me to Mary, the woman in charge. She was also delighted to hear my history about Scottish Rite scenery and promptly offered us a tour of the stage, patiently waiting while I climbed up to the fly gallery. “Seussical” had not been presented in the theater due to lack of central air. Instead, it was being presented in the only air-conditioned space below- the banquet room.

Postcard depicting the auditorium and one stage setting at the Collingswood Scottish Rite.

The proscenium line at the Collingswood Scottish Rite

The fly gallery at the Collingswood Scottish Rite

After examining the toasty auditorium and stage, we wandered up to another room where some of the backdrops were stored. I would later learn that local riggers working touring shows at the Collingswood Scottish Rite demanded the removal of the historic drops. All this seems very odd and I sincerely hope that I have misunderstood the chain of events leading up to the removal of the scenery. In the end, some of the scenes were gifted to the community theater for productions. The gifted drops have been repaired and repeatedly used in local theatre productions.

Without being able to unfold any of the drops, or see a stage book, I had no way of knowing if the Holak designs were ever realized for this particular venue. The designs may have simply been for a preliminary proposals. My host suggested that I contact the Scottish Rite Secretary the next week and meet with him, specifically asking to see the stage book.

It was not until after the conference ended, that I returned to the Scottish Rite, scheduling a meeting with the Scottish Rite secretary and bringing a few LHAT friends. I enjoyed a second tour of the theater before examining the stage book and chatting with the Scottish Rite representative. Before the scenery collection was removed, each backdrop had been photographed and placed in a packet, noting the original line sets. As I slowly flipped through the packet, I recognized many of the compositions from the Holak collection.

Folded backdrops at the Collingswood Scottish Rite

A design from the Holak Collection, with “Camden, NJ” written on the back.

Photograph of the same scene in the Collingswood Scottish Rite stage book

Although the scenery collection is folded up and in storage, it still exists – for now. There is also a greater possibility that the historic backdrops may avoid a final resting place in a dumpster if there is any perceived value of the artifacts; I did my best and even left a copy of “The Santa Fe Scottish Rite Theatre: Freemasonry, Architecture and Theatre” for the Scottish Rite Valley library.

The history of the Collingswood Scottish Rite complex is quite unique and fascinating. The Masons purchased the parcel of land with the intent of leveling the existing 1850s mansion that remained on the property at the time of sale. At some point, plans changed and the mansion was not leveled, just abbreviated; the front portion was left standing to be used as Scottish Rite offices. The new theater building was then connected to the back of the old mansion.

Recently, the Scottish Rite sold its building to the city, reserving the right to maintain the offices and use the lodge room. This arrangement is becoming more common across the country, as Scottish Rite Valleys sell their buildings for pennies on the dollar and negotiate with the new owners to still meet in the space. I remain unsure as to how much the theater is used for Scottish Rite degree productions, if it is used at all. Remember that the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction has mostly transitioned from degree productions to video presentations for instruction. The Collingswood Scottish Rite auditorium hosts a variety of touring shows, including an upcoming performance by Pink Martini, my new favorite musical ensemble. The current bookings at the Collingswood Scottish Rite remain limited to spring, fall and winter due to the lack of any central air.

To be continued…

Tales from a Scenic Artist and Scholar. Part 763 – Fred R. Megan

Thomas G. Moses and Fred R. Megan became partners in 1923. They purchased the Sosman & Landis name after Hoyland-Lemle purchased the company contents at that same time.

Advertisement from the “Oakland Tribune,” 12 Dec 1927, Page 17

Frederick R. Megan’s history is elusive, but the little that I have uncovered to date is quite interesting. Megan periodically pops up in various newspaper articles during the late nineteenth century, eventually working for the Kansas City Scenic Co. by 1901.

Megan’s business career initially appears in print during 1894. That year, Megan is listed as the editor for Dr. Megan & Son, publishers (Leonardville Monitor, Leonardville, Kansas, 8 Nov. 1894, page 4). The publication was advertised as “a spicy 5-column quarto, neatly printed and is Republican in politics,” suggesting the progressive leanings of the family and publication at the time.

Fred R. Megan was the son of a physician and surgeon. Dr. James W. Megan. Like many in the medical profession, Megan traveled throughout a region, establishing practices as the family moved from one small town to another. With each move Dr. Megan established his practice in a slightly larger town, until supplementing his income as a publisher. Megan’s various residences included Pawnee Rock, Kansas, Little River and Home City, Kansas. By 1894 Megan relocated his medical practice from Home City to Olsburg (Westmoreland Recorder, 12 Oct.1893, page 8). On October 18, the “Olsburg News-Letter” reported, “Dr. J. W. Megan expects to move to Leonardville after election and will practice medicine there as well as look after editorial duties of the Monitor” (1894, page 8).

Advertisement from the “Olsburg News-Letter,” 15 Feb, 1894, page 8

In Olsburg, Dr. Megan was an active member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Randolph Lodge, No. 216 (Randolph Enterprise, 3 May 1894, page 1). The Megan family also attended the Fostoria Baptist church in Olsburg (Olsburg News-Letter, 9 August 1894, page 8).

After Olsburg, the Megans moved to Leonardville, Kansas, where father and son commenced a new business venture – publishing. On October 25, 1894, the “Clay County Star” reported, The Leonardville Monitor has changed hands, assuming editorial charge, F. R. Megan, assuming editorial charge, and Dr. Megan & Son appear as publisher. From appearances they start in with an excellent patronage and will no doubt keep the paper up to its former high local standing” (25 Oct. 1894, page 3).

From the “Clay County Star,” 25 Oct 1894, page 3

By 1896, Megan relocated to Kansas City (The Topeka Daily Capital, 9 April 1896, page 8). It is unclear what prompted the moved, or caused the younger Megan to seek a career in the theatre. However, he worked his way up through the profession from usher to technician, not an uncommon progression at the time. A decade later, he would still be living in the area, working as a well-known scenic artist and traveling salesman, representing Kansas City Scenic Co. The “Lead Daily Call” described the painting of scenery for the Lead Opera House, reporting, “”Fred R. Megan, who has the work of painting the scenery and decorations was on arrival on the Burlington last evening. He comes from Kansas City, and is an artist in his line, one of the best in the country. He will begin just so soon as the carpenters give him room, which will be in a day or so, to erect his stagings and make other preparations for doing the work of adornment, and when he has finished the interior of the little opera house will be one of the handsomest in the west, and no pains will be spared to make it so. Mr. Megan will have his work well under way before the week is over, and will have it completed before the winter season really begins” (Lead Daily Call, Lead South Dakota, 8 Oct. 1906, page 1).

Like Moses, Megan not only contracted the work to produce new scenery for a variety of entertainment venues, but also designed and painted the contracted settings. “The Columbus Courier” reported, “Fred R. Megan, representing the Kansas City Scenic Co., is in the city today with full samples of scenery. He sold a good sized order for the LaRue Investment Co. for the Opera House” (Columbus, Kansas, 10 Jul 1902, page 5). What us interesting about this particular article is the use of the wording “full samples of scenery.” It is unclear whether “full” suggest the size of the samples or the completeness of the selection. Likely, it was a series of standard designs for purchase. However, I have yet to locate any another reference describing the samples carried by Megan on behalf of Kansas City Scenic Co.

Stage hardware manufactured by the Kansas City Scenic Co. recently sold in an online auction

The earliest mention of Megan’s association with the Kansas City Scenic Company is in 1901. For the scenic firm, Megan primarily traveled throughout Kansas and neighboring states. In 1908, Megan’s arrival to hang scenery at the Haydn-Parke theatre in Gasden, Alabama, was even reported in the “Gasden Daily Times-News” (26 Sept. 1908, page 2). Earlier, Megan had toured with the Barrett & Barrett Company (The Leonardville Monitor, Leonardville, Kansas, 2 Dec. 1897, page 8).

In 1901, the “Rooks County Journal” of Stockton, Kansas, reported, “F. R. Megan of Kansas City, spent Saturday in the city soliciting advertising to place on a new drop curtain which he will place in the opera house. We were told he sold Mr. Bigge about $300 worth of theatre supplies of various kinds”(27 June 1901, page 50).

His association with the company continued until 1915. The reason for his departure is unclear, but Megan began working in Washington D. C. By 1918, Megan was appointed to the Liberty Theatre office in Washington as Supervisor of Maintenance and Construction (Variety, Vol. LII, No. 10, page 19). The theater, designed by architect B. Frank Meyers, opened in 1914 at 1419 N. Capitol Street, near O Street.

To be continued…

Tales from a Scenic Artist and Scholar. Part 760 – A Recap of 1910 in the Life of Thomas G. Moses

As I near the end of 1910, it is time to recap this incredibly busy year in the life of Thomas G. Moses. A significant event was his falling out with co-worker David H. Hunt during Joseph S. Sosman’s 15-week European tour. At the time, both Moses and Hunt were left in charge of the studio, with shops in both Chicago and New York. Hunt was the company secretary and treasure, whereas Moses was responsible for the design, construction and installation of all projects.

Prior to his departure, Sosman gave a few days notice, surprising not only Moses, but also the entire staff. Sosman’s involvement in the daily running of the business was beginning to decline, with the various duties being delegated to both Moses and Hunt. However, his extended absence put a strain on the company during an extremely busy period of productivity. Painted settings, stage machinery and other scenic pieces were being manufactured at a remarkable rate.

Upon Sosman’s return, Moses wrote, “About this time, I heard some reports as to what Hunt had reported to Sosman about my treatment towards him. I got mad and wanted to quit. Sosman wouldn’t listen to me. I finally got cooled.”

Part of Moses’ “cooling off” involved departing for New York to focus on some projects for Fred Thompson at both the New Amsterdam Theatre and Luna Park. During this period, Moses wrote, “Hunt remained away from the [New York] studio for some time, before going back home. I took a run down to Woonsocket on the Fall River boat back to Buffalo and Niagara Falls for a day and Detroit for a day. I arrived June 25^th. Sosman had his doubts as to my coming back.”

1910 was the year that Hunt also started a new company – New York Studios. I have often wondered whether the tensions between Moses and Hunt were the impetus for the new studio. For New York Studios, Hunt expected current Sosman & Landis artistic staff to complete a great deal of the actual work. This meant that New York Studios incurred minimal overhead expenses as the majority of scenic artists and stage carpenters were already employed by Sosman & Landis; there was no need to keep a large staff on payroll, just pay for time spent on the project. Hunt even convinced Sosman to invest a small amount in his new firm. The corporation papers of New York Studios lists Adelaide A. Hunt as the President, Edward A. Morange as the vice president, and David H. Hunt, as the Treasurer. The company’s starting capital was $40,000, and listed the company directors as Edward A. Morange, Adelaide A. and David H. Hunt, with offices located at 325 W 29^thStreet, New York. Business listings noted that theatrical equipment was the primary product produced by the company. New York Studios would become known as the eastern affiliate of Sosman & Landis, whereas Sosman & Landis would become the western affiliate of New York Studios.

Advertisement for New York Studios, founded by David H. Hunt in 1910

Projects that Moses directly supervised during 1910 included stock settings for the Murat Theatre of Indianapolis, Detroit’s Temple Theatre, the Teatro Degollado in Guadalajara, and Scottish Rite installations for theaters in Yankton, SD, St. Paul, MN, Denver, CO, and Indianapolis, IN. During 1910 Moses also designed dozens of settings for touring productions, including Sarah Bernhardt, Al Ringling, and Frederick Thompson.

As a scenic artist, he was not only well known, but also at the top of his profession; only 54 years old. Business was booming and the economy thriving. Little did he realize that there would be a series of obstacles, one after another, in the ensuig decade.

To be continued…