Scenic Studio – Page 25 – Drypigment.net

Tales from a Scenic Artist and Scholar. Part 462- Thomas C. Noxon of Noxon & Toomey

Part 462: Thomas C. Noxon of Noxon & Toomey

The founding dates for Noxon and Toomey seem to vary when one looks at a variety of printed material and public records. Some sources place the firm starting in 1867, while others place the establishment around 1869. The firm lasted until Noxon’s passing in 1898.

Thomas C. Noxon was an extremely well-known scenic artist during the nineteenth century. Born in Montreal, Canada, during 1829, he came to the United States as a child. Initially living in Zanesville and in Millerburg, Ohio, Noxon attended public schools. For a time he lived in Detroit, and that was where he entered the theatrical profession. At the age of sixteen in 1845, he moved to St. Louis and studied art.

Noxon was married twice. He married his first wife, Ann Hazzard, on April 14, 1853 when he was twenty-four years old. The couple had three daughters, but only two were living at the time of his death, Mrs. Samuel Wilson and Mrs. Harry Belden, both of whom acted on the stage. The daughter that predeceased Noxon, Libbie, was also an actress, performing as Blosson in Ben Maginely’s “Square Man” during 1882. She passed away in 1894 after a long illness (St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 27 May 1894, page 31). A “Miss Noxon, the daughter of Thomas C. Noxon,” also performed with the Olympic stock company and reported to be married to the comedian Harry Harwood in 1883; this may have been Libbie (St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 1 Sept. 1883, page 8). In 1885, Noxon married for a second time to a “Mrs. Selvers.”

There are a few interesting tidbits that I uncovered about this somewhat evasive artist. In 1880, Noxon was working with the stage machinist Mr. S. I. Gates to create the scenery for “Cymbeline” at the Olympic (St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 5 Jan. 1880, page 8). In 1882, he was mentioned as the scenic artist of the Grand Opera House. In 1884, Noxon was credited as being both the scenic artist for the Grand Opera House and Olympic Theaters in St. Louis (St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 21 Jan. 1884, page 8).

*The Grand Opera House in St. Louis, Missouri, where Thomas C. Noxon worked as a scenic artist.*

*The Olympic Theatre in St. Louis, Missouri, where Thomas C. Noxon worked as a scenic artist.*

Later, Noxon’s business partner P. J. Toomey would remain at the Olympic, using the studio room for Toomey & Volland. This space was destroyed by fire in 1922. In 1884, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported, “Mr. Noxon stands in front rank of curtain and scene painters, and for special features like Mardi Gras and Veiled Prophet pageants, is recognized throughout the Mississippi Valley as the most competent man in the profession” (St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 21 Jan. 1884, page 8). At the time of his passing in 1898, the “Dramatic Mirror” reported, “His name appears on the corner of theatrical curtains in almost every large city in the country, and is also seen in the theatres of Europe” (2 July 1898, page 6).

Noxon worked as both a scenic artist and a decorative painter, heading four theatrical painting firms during his life: Noxon & Strauss, Noxon, Halley & Toomey, Noxon, Albert & Toomey, and finally Noxon & Toomey.

My research suggests that Noxon joined forces with Patrick Joseph Toomey to establish the Noxon & Toomey Painting Studio of St. Louis between 1867 and 1869. Noxon was the senior partner and is reported to have managed the studio from its inception until his illness in 1896. This is where history gets a bit fuzzy around the edges. The business remained opened after Albert left Noxon & Toomey in 1891, but Toomey also established the Knox & Toomey Scenic Art Company at that same time. Knox & Toomey also specialized in float construction and electric pageant wagons, the same kind that Noxon & Toomey specialized in since 1878. Their creations dominated the pageant market all over the country.

Like many men of his generation, Noxon joined a variety of social clubs and fraternal organization. In addition to being a prominent member of several Masonic orders, he was also a charter member for the Benevolent and Protected Order of Elks. The Elks were an American fraternal order founded during 1868 in New York City. It was initially a social club for minstrel show performers, called the “Jolly Corks.” Some historical records suggest that the group was formed as a private club to elude laws governing the restrictive hours for public taverns. After a member’s death that left his wife and children without funds, the organization took on a more charitable mission.

*It’s sad when all that remains of this remarkable scenic artist is a tombstone. I am still searching for images of painted settings produced by Thomas C. Noxon.*

Noxon passed away from nephritis, on June 20, 1898, after a long illness. His remains are interred in “Elks Rest,” the Elks section of Bellfontaine Cemetery in St. Louis (block 70, lot 1043). At the time of his death, Noxon was living at 2010 Rutger Street. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported, “Mr. Noxon for years had been considered one of the foremost scenic painters in the country and his work can be seen in almost every prominent theater in the United States” (21 June 1898, page 7). When he passed away, Toomey was in Wisconsin, superintending Milwaukee Carnival Floats. The “Weekly Wisconsin” reported, “Mr. Toomey received a telegram this morning announcing his partner’s death, and at once arranged to leave for St. Louis to attend the funeral. ‘Mr. Noxon was the greatest scenic artist this country has produced,’ said Mr. Toomey. ‘He was 69 years of age and had done work for the leading theaters of the country, besides what he did in way of pageantry. He leaves a wife and two daughters, one of whom is on the stage. Mr. Noxon had been ill for a year and a half, and had been confined to his bed for the last six months” (The Weekly Wisconsin, 25 June 1898, page 4).

Toomey’s only child was named Noxon Toomey.

To be continued…

Tales from a Scenic Artist and Scholar. Part 461- Changing Partners

Part 461: Changing Partners

In 1903, Moses was studying art with R. M. Shurtleff, preparing to join the Salmagundi Club, and working on a variety of both indoor and outdoor spectacles. He lived in Mount Vernon, New York, but still traveled quite when touring shows opened in other cities. During these travels, his business partner Hamilton “held down the fort” at their Broadway Theatre offices in New York.

Moses & Hamilton was Moses’ his third partnership and it would end in 1904. In 1887 Moses entered into business with a scenic artist and an art dealer to form Burridge, Moses & Louderback (see past installment 132). By 1895 Moses tried his hand at both theatrical management and a scenic studio, establishing the short-lived team of Moses & McDonald (see past installment 336). By 1901, Moses partnered with Hamilton, forming Moses & Hamilton. My research suggests that this “changing partners” was a common occurrence at the time. The country was large, but the word of successful scenic artists was relatively small and partnerships were necessary to attain larger and more profitable projects. This period of time and the world of scenic art made me think of the lyrics from Patti Page’s song “Changing Partners”

We were waltzing together to a dreamy melody
When they called out “change partners”
And you waltzed away from me

(Here is the link to the song, if you have no idea what I am talking about: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARWBstJHBe8)

The scenic art scene during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was like one big dance; artists tried to successfully maneuver their way across the dance floor, always in search of the best partner. They were simply trying to find that perfect fit and who might ultimately increase their prospects. If they had found the perfect partner at one time, they would try to return; I think of Sosman & Landis repeatedly drawing Moses back into their studio.

Moses’ memoirs trace his interactions with scenic artists during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, including Patrick J. Toomey of Toomey & Volland scenic studio in St. Louis, Missouri. For years, Moses would always stop by the studio when he was in town and visit with his good friend “Toomey.” Likewise, Toomey would visit Moses and send him postcards from abroad. Scenic artists needed to maintain a close-knit network so that they could not only could keep tabs on their competition, but also maintain a talent pool for larger projects.

Postcard advertising the new Toomey & Volland studio in 1922

These connections were crucial, facilitating potential alliances for upcoming work. Regional alliances were also made, such as that between Sosman & Landis and their affiliate New York Studios. The stylistic interpretation could vary from artist to artist, but the overall approach to the production of painted scenery for the stage remained relatively consistent until approximately the 1920s. At the time the theatrical industry promoted an artistic standard that was founded on established painting techniques developed in the late 17^th and 18^th centuries. Scenic artists created paintings intended to be viewed from a distance, a unique skill that wasn’t intuitive to many fine artists. Scenic art was primarily an apprenticed trade, supported by an individual’s fine art training.

The first decade of the twentieth century is what I consider the golden age of American scenic art. Scenic artists produced successful illusions, just as their predecessors, but had the advantage of electricity. In other words, they had more to work with as technological innovation flooded the theater industry. This greatest strength would later become the scenic art’s greatest weakness. There is a notable shift in American scenic art as electricity, projections, and moving pictures continue to shape the artistic landscape of the entertainment industry. The studios were working with one foot on a firm foundation and another foot precariously placed on a slippery rock. Many studios would quickly ascend, such as Sosman and Landis, but only a few would last for more than a few years. One such company was Toomey & Volland of St. Louis.

Toomey & Volland evolved from an earlier scenic art partnership called Noxon & Toomey. Thomas C. Noxon and Patrick Joseph Toomey joined forces in approximately 1867. Noxon was the firm’s first president and senior partner in the company.

The firm expanded in 1881 and changed its name to Noxon, Albert & Toomey. The famed Ernest Albert was added to the company, while Toomey was reported to be “the itinerant member of the firm” (Richmond Dispatch, 24 Jan 1886, page 3). For more information about Albert, see past installments 131, 133-139, 145, 154, 179, 231, 244 and 248. The company ran regional offices with studios in St. Louis, Missouri, Chicago, Illinois & Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Noxon, Albert & Toomey lasted for almost a decade, but Albert eventually returned to Chicago to partner with Walter Burridge and Oliver Dennett Grover, forming Albert, Grover & Burridge. 1891, the three constructed an innovative scenic studio with twenty paint frames and a display area to fully light and stage completed sets for clients. Although there was much promise, the firm went bankrupt in two years.

Back to St. Louis and Toomey’s activities.

When Noxon, Albert & Toomey ended, Toomey formed another partnership in 1892 – the Knox & Toomey Scenic Art Company. Toomey partnered with George Knox, a stage carpenter; the two specialized in float construction and electric pageant wagons. Float for parades had remained a specialty of Toomey’s since 1878. In fact Toomey dominated the float market in St. Louis for the Veiled Profit Procession and ball. This event was St. Louis’ version of the Mardi Gras parade and will be covered in another installment.

By 1901, Toomey switched partners – again. However this would be for the last time. His new business partner was a scenic artist, one who had previously worked at Noxon & Toomey – Hugo R. Volland. Volland migrated from Grossbremback, Germany, and soon found work at Noxon & Toomey as the company’s secretary. He would be a major Masonic asset major contributor to the St. Louis Scottish Rite for both the 1902 and 1924 buildings.

Like Sosman & Landis, Toomey & Volland jumped on the Masonic scenery and stage machinery bandwagon. From 1901 to 1904 their production of Scottish Rite scenery installations included St. Louis, Missouri; Butte, Montana; Joplin, Missouri; Rochester, New York; and Toledo, Ohio. Likewise, Sosman & Landis created Scottish Rite collections for Salina, Kansas; Little Rock, Arkansas; Fort Scott, Kansas; Chicago, Illinois; and Duluth, Minnesota, during this same time. Just as the original 1902 Sosman & Landis scenery for Little Rock is still used in Pasadena, California, so is the original 1902 Toomey & Volland scenery for Joplin still used in Deadwood, South Dakota. These two collections extremely significant within the framework of Scottish Rite history for the Southern Jurisdiction.

Both scenic studios would remain major players in the scene painting industry for the first two decades of the twentieth-century, having a lasting impact on many future generations of artists. Tomorrow, I will star to look at the scenic artist, and good friend of Moses, Toomey.

To be continued…

Tales from a Scenic Artist and Scholar. Part 460 – William F. Hamilton and “As the Sun Went Down”

Part 460: William F. Hamilton and “As the Sun Went Down”

As I was exploring the painting projects of Moses & Hamilton, I discovered an interesting project that Will Hamilton worked on in 1909. It appeared in my search as Hamilton’s name was followed by “formerly of the firm Moses & Hamilton.” I found it interesting that a newspaper would mention a previous business affiliation five years after the fact. It suggests that Moses’ name carried a lot of weight, garnering respect, even years later.

During 1909 Hamilton was working on George D. Baker’s play “As the Sun Went Down.” The action of the play concerns the stirring events in the lives of “rough but real folks in some faraway western mining gulch” (Buffalo Evening News, 7 Sept. 1909. Page 50). The plot involved a young minister, an eastern “tenderfoot,” and “lunger.” New word for me; “lunger” was a derogatory term for an individual suffering from tuberculosis. The three charaters are thrust into the “rude social organization of this primitive and uncouth community” (Fort Scott Daily Tribune and Fort Scott Daily Monitor, 28 Dec. 1909, page 8). Enter,“Col. Billy,” a woman “with a record and a beautiful, daring and good heart.” Newspapers compared this new western melodrama to ‘The Great Divide” and “Girl of the Golden West” with scenic settings full of realism (Buffalo Courier, 7 Sept. 1909, page 7).

Advertisement for “As the Sun Went Down,” from “The Evening Times-Republican” (Marshalltown, Iowa) 30 Nov 1909, page 9.

Ten years later, it was adapted by Baker for a film version. Directed by W. Mason Hopper, advertisements reported, “Not since Bret Harte wrote ‘Outcasts of Poker Flat’ has there been given to fiction or the drama a story so picturesque, so unreservedly different and unconventional as this, the newest Metro All Star Series Production. It’s the story of a bad girl who is bigger and better and finer than most of the girls you ever saw” (The Moving Picture World, 15 Feb. 1919). Metro’s “As the Sun Went Down” was released on February 10, 1919.

Advertisement for the film version of “As the Sun Went Down” starring Edith Storey in 1919. From Moving Picture World (February 15, 1919).

The earlier five-act play toured with the Arthur C. Aiston Company, during 1909 to 1910. Other Aiston touring productions included “Tennessee’s Pardner,” “At the Old Cross Roads” and “Shadows on the Hearth.” Aiston’s company was headed by Estha Williams as “Col. Billy.” W. A. Whitecar played the role of the gambler Tarantula, “the ba’ad man of the play,” whose villainous career ended with a venomous snakebite. William Sexton played “Pizen Ike, the worst man in Rattlesnake Gulch” who is shot to death in a duel. Phil Connor played the role of “Piety Pete, the funmaking storekeeper,” while Flora Byam played “Sal Sue,” also nicknamed “Cyclone” by “Fare Bill” (Buffalo Courier, 7 Sept. 1909, page 7). The names just made me giggle.

Scene from the touring production of “As the Sun Went Down,” from “The Evening Statesman,” Walla Walla, WA, 31 Jan. 1910, page 7.

The show’s painted settings were well received; the “Star-Gazette” reported “The production is an unusually elaborate one for a popular-priced theater, a large number of special scenic effects being provided” (Elmira, NY, 1 Sept. 1909, page 2). The scenery design was credited to Lee-Lash Scenic Co. with the painting lead by Hamilton. “The Iola Daily Register And Evening News” reported, “The scenery is by the Lee-Lash Scenic company of New York and has been especially produced under the personal direction of W. F. Hamilton, formerly of Moses & Hamilton” (Iola, Kansas, 4 Jan. 1910, page 4). Similarly, “The Capital Journal” reported, “As the production is carried complete, it is necessary to have a special baggage car for the transportation of the companies’ scenery and properties” (Salem, Oregon, 8 Jan. 1910, page 9). “The production which is a very elaborate one, comes from the best artists of the Lee-Lash Scenic Company of New York city, each scene gotten out under the personal direction of W. F. Hamilton, formerly of the firm of Moses & Hamilton” (The Evening Statesman, Walla Walla, WA, 31 Jan. 1910, page 7).

Scene from the touring production of “As the Sun Went Down,” from Goodwin’s Weekly (Salt Lake City) 23 April 1910, page 12

The mention of William F. Hamilton’s work at the Lee Lash Studios really peaked my interest, and caused me to recall a clipping in Thomas Moses’ scrapbook. The newspaper article depicted Moses painting on a Lee Lash studio frame. It was possible that Moses was brought in to supervise the painting on the production, just like Hamilton. Lash was known for hiring a variety of artists to work with his paint staff and supervise various projects. This was a unique quality of the scenic art network at the turn of the twentieth century. Artists worked in one studio and then another, quickly forming partnerships that would last for only a few years. We don’t know if it was artistic temperaments or simple opportunities at the time that drove two artistic join forces. It was the artistic culture during a time when work was plentiful.

Thomas G. Moses (back with lining stick) painting at Lee Lash Studio, date unknown.

To be continued…

Travels of a Scenic Artist and Scholar: The Paramount

A vintage photograph of the Paramount in Austin, Texas

The fire curtain at the Paramount Theatre in Austin, Texas. The League of Historic American Theatres conference held their closing party on the stage.

The fire curtain was produced by the St. Louis scenic studio – Toomey & Volland.

Looking up at the Paramount Theatre in Austin, Texas.

The last event for the League of Historic American Theatres (LHAT) was at the Paramount Theatre. We learned about the incredible history of this beautiful historic theater and its inspiring staff. Each of the staff gave brief presentations and insight into the running of their venue. We looked at funding, educational development, community outreach, and productions.

What struck many of us was the passion and dedication clearly apparent as individuals spoke about their role and mission. It is apparent that the employees feel appreciated. They are treated very well; this feeds into and supports their continued dedication. This is such a no brainer. In this venue, labor is not the enemy. Great healthcare, benefits, and support pay off in the long run.

The Paramount perspective: Investments in our greatest asset…our people.

The executive director of the facility took the time to explain their approach. The repeated over and over that they took the time to investment in their greatest asset…our people. This venue treats their patrons and staff equally well. They are an example of what all theaters, and businesses, should aspire too.

Only 20% of their revenue is dependent on grants, with the majority of their funding originating from private sources. They worked hard to achieve this level of success and continue to work hard at it.

The LHAT closing party was held on stage with a Texas barbeque theme, complete with picnic tables, bourbon samples, and sparking lights overhead. Despite everything else that is troubling in the world, we all needed this community event and positive message. The experience left me with a feeling of hope.

Painted detail at the Paramount Theatre in Austin, Texas

To be continued…

Travels of a Scenic Artist and Scholar: The Joplin Scottish Rite, July 2

The Joplin Scottish Rite, July 2

I arrived at the Joplin Scottish Rite by 8:15am. We examined all of the backdrops over the next four hours, with Andrew and the Secretary Richard Lowery handling the lines. Richard worked tirelessly with my husband to raise and lower the lines while I catalogued each drop, photographed painted details, and set entire scenes. To show our appreciation, we took Richard out to lunch at a fabulous local restaurant – the Red Onion.

At the Joplin Scottish Rite, I was like a kid in a candy store, as I uncovered a new scenic studio stencil – The Fabric Studio.

*A Fabric Studio of Chicago stencil, placed on the backside of some Scottish Rite backdrops in Joplin, Missouri.*

*Another Fabric Studio of Chicago stencil, placed on the backside of some Scottish Rite backdrops in Joplin, Missouri.*

It will take many more hours to untangle the compilation of various installations, only some attributed to the Fabric Studio, after closely examining the backdrops in context. The majority of scenery contain a studio stamp for Fabric Studio of Chicago, located at 117 N. State, 4^th floor, Chicago, Illinois. However, the drops were not all produced at the same time or for the same venue. One distinguishing characteristic of many backdrops is the horizontal seams on octagonal-shaped sandwich bottom battens. They are a distinct departure from late-nineteenth century oval battens.

The earliest mention of the Fabric Studio that I have located to date is in 1921; the company was advertising for girls to help in the sewing room (Chicago Tribune, 27 August 1921, page 14). From all appearances, this was second generation scenic studio, like many that emerged during the twenties when scenic artists left the employ of the larger, companies to strike it out on their own. They began competing with the older studios and offering a new aesthetic. The Fabric Studio was a competitor to the Kansas City Scenic Co., of Kansas City. In 1922, the Wellington Daily News reported that two scenery salesman were competing for the contract of a new front curtain and the scenery for the new Memorial Auditorium project: E. L. Gossage of Kansas City Scenic Co. and W. S. Mayer of the Fabric Studios of Chicago (Wellington, Kansas, 25 August 1922, page 1). Gossage would later be the salesman for the Great Western Stage Equipment Company of Kansas City.

The Fabric Studio of Chicago is credited with the painted scenery for the 1922 Orpheum Theatre in Wichita, Kansas. The Wichita Eagle (3 September 1922, page 48) reported the Fabric Studio’s work as including the original asbestos curtain depicting a gold gauze curtain with an exterior garden scene, a Spanish market scene; a silk velour for the valance; a grand drapery; a silver gauze tableaux curtain; a picture sheet; “two exterior oleos and drops;” a complete conservatory set; and a complete Gothic set.

*Head artist for the Fabric Studio of Chicago – P. T. Blackburn, published in the “Daily Times” (Davenport 17 May 1922, page 10).*

The chief artist to the Fabric Studios of Chicago was P. T. Blackburn who worked mostly on the fine plushes, satins, and velours, such as the gold gauze front curtain and the silver gauze tableaux curtain for the Orpheum.

*The new Wichita Orpheum, from the “Wichita Beacon” (3 Sept, 1923, page 27)*

*The front gold gauze curtain produced by the Fabric Studio of Chicago for the Orpheum Theater in Wichita, Kansas.*

*A scene produced by the Fabric Studio of Chicago for the Joplin Scottish Rite, with practical opening and painted fabric.*

*Detail of painted fabric. A scene produced by the Fabric Studio of Chicago for the Joplin Scottish Rite, with practical opening and painted fabric.*

*A detail of the painted fabric. A scene produced by the Fabric Studio of Chicago for the Joplin Scottish Rite, with practical opening and painted fabric.*

By 1949, Blackburn would become the head artist for Paramount Studios and a weekend resident of the San Jacinto mountain resort area (The Desert Sun, Palm Springs, California, 17 May 1949, page 4). In addition to scenic art, he and his department also developed new stage equipment and curtain tracks for scenery painted by Paramount artists.

This explains the exceptional hand-painted silk curtains in the practical opening of some Joplin Scottish Rite scenes. Blackburn was the head of the artistic staff for several stock companies over the years, including the Grand Players from Davenport, Iowa.Another artist on staff at the Fabric Studios was Max Schroeder, who specialized in landscapes. The Fabric Studio’s head installation expert was J. A. Bannon, credited as “an old timer in the show business and has installed scenery in theaters in nearly every city in the United States” (Wichita Daily Eagle, 3 September 1922, page 48).

There is more to report about this unique collection and its current condition, but that will be saved for tomorrow.

To be continued…

Travels of a Scenic Artist and Scholar: Reflections on the Tabor Opera House, Henry Burcky and Henry C. Tryon, June 21

Reflections on the Tabor Opera House, Henry Burcky and Henry C. Tryon, June 21

We left Taos before 8am and headed to the Rio Grand Gorge just west of the city.

Rio Grand Gorge bridge near Taos, New Mexico

We also briefly stopped by the colony of earth ships on our way to the Santa Fe Scottish Rite.

After a beautiful drive, we arrived at the Scottish Rite just in time for a quick meeting before I headed to the Albuquerque airport to pick up my folks. There is something wonderful about being greeted with a “Welcome Home” when I entered the building. The building and area are very near and dear to my heart.

On my drive to the airport in Albuquerque, I could not stop thinking about the Tabor Opera House in Leadville and the scenic artist for the 1879 roll drops, borders, wings and shutters. Harry Miner’s American Dramatic Directory for the season of 1884-1885 listed Burkey as the scenic artist for their stock sets. This was Henry E. Burcky of Chicago.

Burcky listed as the scenic artist for the “realistic stage effects and great battle scene in ‘Custer,'” from the Chicago Tribune, 26 July 1885, page 6

In 1876, Henry Burcky was listed as a scenic artist at 83 S. Halsted in Chicago’s Lakeside Directory. He was still listed as a scenic artist in Chicago directories by 1881. During his time as a scenic artist in Chicago, Burcky traveled west and painted the scenery for the Tabor Opera House in Leadville and the Tabor Grand in Denver. As with most scenic artists of the time, many of the stage settings were painted on site. By spring of 1881, Burcky also worked as a scenic artist at Hooley’s Theatre in Chicago, painting settings for “The Danites” (March 20, 1881) and the scenery for “Mulligan’s Silver Wedding” (June 13, 1881).

H. E. Burckly listed as the scenic artist at Hooley’s Theatre

In 1881, “The Cincinnati Enquirer” reported that H. E. Burcky, the scenic artist at Hooley’s Theatre in Chicago, was working with Tryon, the scenic artist at McVicker’s theatre in Chicago. The article reported these “two young and talented scenic artists” came from Chicago to paint on the scenery for the Opera Festival in Cincinnati (15 Feb 1881, page 4). The Chicago Inter Ocean reported that H. E. Bercky, the scenic artist, provided “new sets of scenery showing the Lakes of Kiliarney, the cave by the sea, and other beautiful bits of scenery incidental to the play “The Colleen Bawn,” Dion Boucicault’s standard Irish Drama at the Olympic Theatre. (9 Aug. 1885, page 13). Messrs. Burcky & Tryon of Chicago were credited with the sixth scene of the production: “Beautifully painted scene – massive rocks in the foreground appear so real as almost to deceive the eye. Rich masses of dark foliage relieve their barrenness while their golden-yellow color is projected boldly from the deep blue sky. Two transformation tableaux occur in this scene, the first the ordeal, by fire, remarkable for its brilliancy and warmth of color; the second, the ordeal by water, for its cool and delicious coloring, complete contraries delightfully portrayed” (Cincinnati Daily Enquirer, 23 February 1881, page 4). The other scenic artists for the Opera Festival included Charles Fox of Her Majesty’s Theatre in London and Rettig & Waugh.

The partnership between Burcky and Tryon was a surprise to me. This was Henry C. Tryon (b. 1847), another Chicago artist who started at Sosman and Landis during 1884. Tryon was Lemuel L. Graham’s replacement at the studio, after he left to found Kansas City Scenic Co. In 1884, Tryon also accompanied Thomas G. Moses and John H. Young on a sketching trip to West Virginia.

He studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of Design and was a pupil of Thomas Moran and William Hart. Tryon worked with Lou Malmsha at Wood’s Theatre in Cincinnati and later at McVicker’s Theatre in Chicago with him. After Malmsha’s passing in 1882, Tryon wrote a tender tribute that rendered homage to his friend and colleague: “Louis Malmsha. A Tribute to the Great Scenic Artist” (“Salt Lake City Herald,” October 22, 1882). See past installment #124, #198, and #199 for more information about Tryon.

Of Tryon, Moses wrote, “he enthused Young and I more than anyone ever had…and was very clever, but awfully eccentric.” It may have been that eccentricity that caused Burcky and Tryon to part ways. Shortly thereafter, Tryon created the Scottish Rite scenery for the Indiana Consistory. Tryon’s theatrical projects during 1882 and 1883 drew him to the Salt Lake City area; his projects there included the Scottish Rite. Shortly thereafter he joined Sosman & Landis. Newspapers at the time acknowledged Tryon as a scenic artist and stage machinist with a “national reputation.”

Back to Burkey. A decade later in 1892, “The Springfield Leader and Press” mentioned “the well-known scenic artist, Berkey,” crediting him as one of the artists for Keene’s Shakespearean productions that included “Richard III,” “Hamlet,” and “Othello” (4 Dec. 1892. Page 4). “Artists in Ohio, 1787-1900: A Biographical Dictionary” list Henry E. Burcky as a scenic artist, employed at the Walnut Street Theatre in Cincinnati (Hamilton) in 1893-1894, while he was listed as a scenic artist and a resident of Newport Kentucky in the directory.

By 1901, Burcky was still listed as a scenic artist in Cincinnati at 716 Kenyon Avenue. This was the same year that the Kansas City Scenic Co. was contracted to produce the scenery for the new stage at the Tabor Opera House, now called the Elk’s Opera House in Leadville, Colorado.

To be continued…

Travels of a Scenic Artist and Scholar: A Visit to the Tabor House in Leadville, Colorado on June 18, 2018

A Visit to the Tabor House in Leadville, Co. June 18, 2018

We left Denver at 7am and headed to Leadville, Colorado. I had a 10am appointment with the executive director of the Tabor Opera House. Normally a two-hour trip, we planned on an extra hour for sightseeing, stopping several times along the way for “scenic overlooks” and “points of interest.” As we left Denver, overcast skies turned into puffy clouds scattered across brilliant blue skies.

One of our stops was in the town of Frisco. The name rang a bell and I soon realized that it was because Thomas G. Moses mentioned the town during his 1884 sketching trip to Colorado. This was his trip with tree other scenic artists to see the mountains.

The town of Frisco, Colorado, where Thomas G. Moses visited in 1884.

Frisco is situated on the shores of Lake Dillon, seventy miles west of Denver. Henry Recen founded the town after a mining boom in the 1870s and soon boasted two railroads, many businesses, hotels, and saloons. The town was the center of mining activity because of the railroads and a stagecoach stop, serving as the gateway to the towns and mines in Ten Mile Canyon. It later became the sleepy little town that Moses encountered during his 1884 sketching trip. Of Frisco, Moses wrote, “We soon came to a little cemetery. One rough head-board had the following epitaph, printed with black letters: ‘Here lies the body of John Sands. A Frisco miner, an honest man and an old timer.’ No dates nor age. Near by was the small town of Frisco, which at one time was a prosperous mining town of about three thousand inhabitants. The mines gave out, no one stayed, and homes and stores were left to the elements. As we struck the main street we looked about, but we couldn’t see a living thing, excepting a few chickens which convinced us, however, that someone must have stayed. The feeling we had among the deserted homes and stores was rater uncanny. The buildings had been hastily built; all very rough, and very few of them had been painted. The signboards were a hot, badly spelled and very typical of a frontier mining town; a regular mushroom town – it grew over night.”

After enjoying the bustling town, getting the contact for the city historian and walking about the marina, we headed to the Tabor Opera House in Leadville for our 10am meeting. I had asked Ziska Childs to join me on this particular adventure and we spent the morning looking at historic scenery produced by Kansas City Scenic Company. The drops are suspended by a hemp system – no counterweights or sand bags. As at the Brown Grand Opera House in Concordia, Kansas, the drops are raised and lowered by an individual pulling the full weight on the three ropes that are connected to the drop’s top batten. I was fortunate to help at one point and able to examine the pin rail and rigging. While assisting with one line, I was delighted to discover that the original paint frame that was still suspended from one of the lines. No, we didn’t lower it. I was told that it takes three men to handle the lines when either raising or lowering it!

Tabor Opera House in Leadville, Colorado

The Tabor Opera House in Leadville, Colorado

Wood scene with backdrop, two legs and a foliage border.

The four historic scenes at the Tabor Opera House include a drop curtain, a garden drop, a landscape and a street scene by Kansas City Scenic.

Front drop curtain at he Tabor Opera House

Detail of drop curtain at he Tabor Opera House

“Kansas City Scenic Co.” on bottom right corner of the front curtain in the Tabor Opera House, Leadville, CO.

Pin rail above the stage to raise and lower drops.

There are other historic scenery pieces along the back wall that were too buried to uncovered. There area also older roll drops, wings, and profile pieces are stored in the attic for both this stage and the previous stage before the Elks altered the building in 1901. Unrolling a few backdrops will be part of my morning adventures today. The Executive director explained that the scenery has been rolled up for over a century. I am curious to see what the original 1879 scenery in the attic looks like from the original stage.

The existing fly drops above the Tabor Opera House stage were produced by Kansas City Scenic. Lemuel L. Graham (1845-1914), a previous employee of Sosman & Landis, as well as one-time business partner of Thomas G. Moses founded this studio. Moses left the Sosman & Landis studio during May 1882 to partner with Graham. That year Moses recorded that while they were working on the Redmond Opera House project in Grand Rapids, Michigan, Graham boarded at a hotel and fell in love with the head waitress, eventually marrying her. Moses wrote, “she proved to be a good wife and good mother.” Moses wrote that Graham “was a regular Shylock, a good fellow and a hard worker, but altogether too close to please me.”

The partnership of Moses & Graham only lasted a little over a year. In 1883 they returned to the Sosman & Landis studio. After Moses and Landis encountered each other while bidding on the same job, they rode the train back together for Chicago. Sosman met them at the station and the three discussed a possible return. Sosman & Landis wanted Moses and Graham back, they were each offered $45.00 a week. Moses wired Graham their proposal, but Graham was not so eager to accept and countered “$50.00 and extras.” The studio agreed and on May 1, 1883, Moses and Graham were both painting in the Sosman & Landis studios again. It lasted less than a year for Graham, however, and in 1884, he left Sosman & Landis to form Kansas City Scenic Co.

To be continued…

Tales from a Scenic Artist and Scholar. Part 386 – For the times they are a-changin’

Part 386: For the times they are a-changin’

“Come gather ’round people
wherever you roam,
and admit that the waters
around you have grown,
and accept it that soon
you’ll be drenched to the bone.
If your time to you is worth savin’
then you better start swimmin’
or you’ll sink like a stone.
For the times they are a-changin’.”

Yesterday I quoted an author who used the term “patent medicine scenery.” He was referring to the painted product produced by scenic studios such as Sosman & Landis. The author went on to describe that studio drops were “produced almost entirely by mechanical means,” meaning a very specific formulaic approach to color application. During the late-nineteenth century, Chicago was a major manufacturing center for theatrical goods and Sosman & Landis Studio dominated the market. Their work was received with rave reviews and their marketing techniques remained unequalled. Soman & Landis represented the American school of scenic art that employed solid colors in an opaque manner. Their painted compositions were worked up from dark to light. At this time in America, there was a rivalry between two schools of scenic art. Scenic artists working along the eastern seaboard had a tendency to employ the English technique of glazing. Midwestern artists used a much more opaque application of colors.

Original 1890s Scottish Rite scene for the Little Rock Scottish Rite by Sosman & Landis Studio. The backdrop was enlarged in 1902 and later resold to the Pasadena Scottish Rite in the 1920s.

Detail from same Little Rock scene depicting the brevity during paint application, hence the term “slapdash.”

The minimal use of highlights on a dark background is very realsitic when viewed from a distance. It allows the eye to fill in the missing information. It is the dramatic separation of colors that allows this type of painting to work exceptionally well for the theatre.

Detail from same scene that shows the rapid speed of the artist when painting the composition. Under the red tassel there are drips left from the “slapdash” method of marble painting.

The application of light dark on paint that is stunning from a distance, yet the technique “falls apart” upon close inspection.

Detail of backdrop that shows the rapid rate of the artist’s speed.

Thomas G. Moses gives us some insight into the rapid growth of Sosman & Landis and their techniques to quickly turn out scenery installations, describing that when he started with the company in 1880 he was always on the road. He and Sosman traveled a great deal in the beginning, rapidly filling orders immediately after Landis secured the work. It would take six months before Moses even meet Landis, as the company salesman was constantly crossing the country to drum up work. They had a great marketing formula – a salesman on the road with a crew who followed and completed the orders. Work was nonstop for the company.

At first, Moses was employed for a weekly rate of $18, knowing that he could make between $35.00 to $45.00 per week at other theaters. This situation directly contributed to the overall growth and success of Sosman & Landis; it meant that they were hiring an employee at half any competitor’s rate and maintaining a higher profit margin that would allow the company to remain solvent. This also enabled the studio to keep Landis on the road, securing even more work. Of their painting, Moses wrote, “My work might not have been as artistic as some I saw in the theatres, but it pleased the people who paid for it.” He was referring to the rapid painting technique employed by the Sosman & Landis studio and the application solid colors? Keep in mind that the “slapdash” technique mentioned in regard to the Sosman & Landis studio was still very effective from a distance, and that was all anyone really needed to make a sale.

The times were certainly changing for theatre manufacturers and supply companies during the second half of the nineteenth century. Product needed to be quickly produced and reach the appropriate venue. As W. J. Lawrence wrote in 1889 “it is not unusual for these firms to receive an order by telegraph in the morning for a scene…which will be completed dried, and sent on its way to the purchaser before nightfall” (The Theatre, July 13, 1889, page 371-374). This was a time when the Midwestern region of the United States was experiencing a period of unprecedented growth. The scenic artists and their solid colors were currently winning, but their success would not last.

“Come writers and critics
who prophesize with your pen,
and keep your eyes wide
the chance won’t come again.
And don’t speak too soon
for the wheel’s still in spin,
and there’s no tellin’ who
that it’s namin’.
For the loser now
will be later to win
for the times they are a-changin’. ”

To be continued…

Tales from a Scenic Artist and Scholar. Part 364 – “How Theatrical Scenery is Made,” 1898 (Physioc’s studio, part 1)

Part 364: “How Theatrical Scenery is Made,” 1898 (Physioc’s studio, part 1)

To fully understand the life and times of Thomas G. Moses, I am including a newspaper article describing a New York scenic studio from 1898. It provides great insight into the scenic art profession at the end of the nineteenth century. The article describes J. A. Physioc’s studio and his art. It was published in “The World” (New York, 6 March 1898, page 43). By 1899, Moses would also work in New York for Henry Savage at the American Theatre. Physioc was only one of many scenic artists whom Moses would compete with for work in the Big Apple. Here is a little background on Physioc to place him in context.

Joseph Allen Physioc (1866-1951) was born in Richmond, Virginia to J. T. Physioc. J. T. Physioc would later be listed as president of Physioc Studios, Inc., with his son and grandson as treasurer and secretary. The Physioc family moved to Columbia, South Carolina, when Joseph was four years old. Interestingly, one of Joseph’s childhood playmates was Woodrow Wilson (Tampa Times, 4 August 1951, page 2).

Physioc’s theatrical career started in small venues thoughout the south. He tried his hand in Alabama, and then headed to New York City after gaining some experience. He studied his trade at the Metropolitan Opera while working as an assistant designer (Index Journal, Greenwood, SC, 4 August, 1951, page 3).

By the age of 27, Physioc received a contract to stage Bernard Shaw’s “Arms and the Man” for Richard Mansfield at the Herald Square Theatre. His success with this play and others propelled him to rank among those at the top of his profession in New York. Physioc worked as Augustin Daly’s “house artist” at Daly’s Theatre in New York City and for twelve years traveled with Richard Mansfield as his “special artist.” Later in life, he moved to Columbia, returning to his family after his eyesight began to fail and he could no longer paint. In 1951, Physioc passed away at his son’s home (Joseph A. Physioc, Jr.).

Advertisement in Julius Cahn’s Official Theatrical Guide for Physioc Studio Co. from 1900.

I am posting this article describing Physioc’s studio and his artistic process during 1898 in four installments due to its length. It was the second line of the article that caught my eye when I was doing research, especially after delving into the histories of Strong, McDonald, and other scenic artists who belonged to the Theatrical Mechanics Association. The top scenic artists were also knowledgeable stage mechanics. Physioc was also an electrician.

Here is the first installment of the article:

“The studio of Physioc is a workshop as well. He says that no man can be a really successful scene painter unless he is also a stage mechanic. His success has made his opinion of value. He painted Daly’s and Mansfield’s scenery for years. The young man’s studio is a wonderful place. To begin with it is perhaps the largest in the world. It occupies the greater part of what was a five-story stable at No. 519 West Thirty-eighth Street.

The building was in the form of the letter U, Physioc filled the front with glass and roofed the open space with a skylight. You ascend to the studio by means of fire escapes on either side. Between them are suspended paint frames. The frames can be lowered forty feet. Four drops can be painted at one time. A cyclorama drop, that is, one which encircles the whole stage, ninety feet wide, can be painted without rolling. This is the advantage of the great space. The paint-bridge is always stationary.

Sectional of Physioc’s Studio from “The World” (New York, 6 March 1898, page 43).

Detail of Physioc’s Studio from “The World” (New York, 6 March 1898, page 43).

In addition to the paint-bridge there are property rooms where all manner of things for the stage are made: the electric-light room, the model room and the miniature stage.

“Usually a scenic artist does nothing but paint,” says Physioc, “Yet he is held responsible for the whole setting and scene. The properties are very important accessories. Therefore I design and make them all. This insures a harmony, a completeness and accuracy which might be otherwise be lacking. I take it that the modern idea of stage scenes requires an artistic whole, a finished creation. I know exactly what the effect will be before a scene is painted.

I not only design the scene myself, but I make the accessories and arrange the lighting, which is almost as important as the scenery itself. I am not only a scene painter, but also function as the property man and electrician as well.

It is a strange and interesting art, this of scene painting. Time was when a painter made merely a drop and wings, or profiles. Now the scenic artist must make a composition. It is vastly different.”

This was 1898 and a crucial period during the development of degree productions for Scottish Rite stages in the Southern Jurisdiction. The scenery now used in Yankton, South Dakota, is from this same year.

1898 scene by Sosman & Landis Studio (Chicago) for Wichita, Kansas. This scenery is now in Yankton, South Dakota.

1898 counterweighted lines by Sosman & Landis Studio (Chicago) for Wichita, Kansas. This counterweight system travelled with the used scenery collection and was installed in Yankton, South Dakota. Photograph from November 2017 with Rick Boychuk when we examined the rigging.

To be continued…

Tales from a Scenic Artist and Scholar. Part 347 – Thomas G. Moses during the First Half of 1896

Part 347: Thomas G. Moses during the First Half of 1896

Thomas G. Moses continued to financially struggle during the first half of 1896. Scenic art projects included a production of “Mountebank” for Frederick Warde; a production of “Sea King” for J.H. Shunk (Chicago, proprietor of the Calhoun Opera Company); a production of “Santa Maria” for Camille DeArville, “the Queen of comic opera”; a theatre installation in Anderson, Indiana; stock scenery for the Hopkins Theatre in St. Louis, Missouri; and a small project in Toledo.

Thomas G. Moses painted the scenery for “Santa Maria,” starring Camille D’Arville in 1896.

By early May, Moses traveled to Boston where he painted a production of R. A. Barnet’s “The Merry-go-Round. ” It was a project for Harry Askins. Of the production Moses wrote, “I was fortunate enough to make a hit in Boston. The show was fairly good.” The Boston Post reported the show as “a brilliant burlesque of contemporary local interest by R. A. Barnet, which will be given a colossal spectacular production,” featuring 150 people with 500 costumes (17 May 1896, page 10). The production team for “The Merry-go-Round” included William A. Seymour (stage producer); Thomas G. Moses (scenic artist); Mme, Seidle (costume designer); W. E. McQuinn (Musical Director); Gustave Sohlke (Ballet Master); Joseph Halliday (mechanical effects); and J. G. Estee (Properties), and others.

Thomas G. Moses painted the scenery for Harry Askin’s “the Merry-Go-Round” in 1896 (Boston Post, 17 May 1896, page 10)

During his absences from the studio, Moses left Ed Loitz in charge. Loitz was his long-time assistant and friend. In reality, he was Moses’ “right-hand man” for almost every project that he accepted. Whether working at Sosman & Landis or not, Loitz remained loyal to Moses and accompanied him on many adventures. He would still be working with him in 1923. However, in the scenic studio, Loitz was no Moses. When Moses was away, production slowed down. Furthermore, Moses’ stylistic flare was absent from the final product when he was on the road.

As with many studios, one name was on the work, but the painting was competed by many hands. That is one of the significant feature that made the Fort Scott Scottish Rite collection so unique; in 1924, it was solely painted by Moses on site – no big studio crew. In most cases, a Scottish Rite collection was composed of dozens of backdrops in a very limited timeframe, thus necessitating many people simultaneously working on the project. There are very few of these Scottish Rite collections that can solely be attributed to one scenic artist and a stage carpenter. They provide a unique glimpse into the past when individual artists were forced to complete a massive project by themselves. You can tell on certain drops when they were running out of steam.

Other 1896 shows that weren’t recorded in Moses’ typed manuscript included “The Bells.” The Times Herald reported, “Manager [Ira J.] LaMotte has given Mr. Clay Clement a superb scenic production of ‘The Bells,” painted by Thomas G. Moses with costumes by Schoultz & Co., so that a complete production in every detail can be expected” (7 Nov. 1896, page 7). Moses also painted the scenery for “The New Dominion” that toured with “The Bells.” The St. Louis Post – Dispatch commented that both plays were painted “from the brush of well-known scenic artist, Thomas G. Moses” (31 August 1896, page 2). The St. Joseph Herald reported “The company carries a car load of scenery from the brush of Thomas G. Moses of Chicago” (St. Joseph, Missouri, 29 August 1896, page 3)

Moses also painted another “Ben-Hur” set in 1896. A Tennessee newspaper article described how the Women’s Board of the Tennessee Centennial were preparing for the production of the grand spectacular at the Vendome (The Tennessean, Nashville, 10 May 1896, page 9). The article reported, “The scenery used is from the brush of the celebrated scenic artist, Thomas G. Moses, of the Schiller Theatre, Chicago, and the subject of the play itself offers spectacular effects the best opportunity of any amateur production ever had in Nashville.”

The description of this particular production is especially delightful, as it provided a sense of Moses’ designs:

“The play will begin in the lonely desert where the Magi meet, Joseph and Mary will appear at the Joppa Gate, and the Wise Men will arrive at the Damascus Gate in search of him who is born King of the Jews. The appearance of these men before Herod and all the Bible story will be vividly presented.

The scenes will again shift, and Ben Hur will be introduced in all the beauty and strength of his youth. The succeeding scenes will carry him through the thrilling experiences of the tale, from the home of happy companionship to the sad position of a galley slave.

The famous chariot race will be introduced, and this part is almost unexcelled in scenic pantomime. The reuniting of the separated families will be shown, ending with the dramatic farewell to Iras. The production will close with a beautiful transformation scene, Iras’ Dream of the Nile. In this closing view is represented $10,000 worth of scenery and costumes, and taken together with the many pretty faces of Nashville’s society girls, it will be the most gorgeous spectacle to gaze upon.”

Although the amount of scenery produced by Moses and his crew during the first half of 1896 seems somewhat staggering, it was simply not enough for him to survive on his own. Sosman & Landis had been keeping a watchful eye on their former employee and decided to approach him that July. They were still short one man and Moses was now desperate. It seemed to be a good time to bring him back on board for a reasonable price.

To be continued…