Travels of a Scenic Artist and Scholar: Eight Ground Rows for the Tyne Theatre & Opera House.

Copyright © 2024 by Wendy Waszut-Barrett

David Wilmore and I began discussing new ground rows for the Tyne Theatre & Opera House last fall. It was during a stage machinery demonstration that Wilmore mentioned my name; they were ready for new scenery. Before my departure, the following plan was hatched over a pint of beer.

Our plan: I would design and paint eight ground rows with historic pigments in the US and fly them over, packed in my suitcase.

Eight ground rows were packed a standard suitcase and flown to England on July 25, 2024.

From the beginning, we planned that I would use traditional materials and techniques; painting the ground rows on a vertical frame with distemper paint (pigment paste and diluted hide glue). This is also what made it possible to fold all of the ground rows into a compact little bundle and not worry about creasing.

Containers of dry pigment paste that I used for the ground rows.
Control buttons for the motorized paint frame that I used to paint the ground rows.

Initially, I planned to paint eight water rows, each measuring 3’-0”h x 24’-0”w. However, size, construction, and composition were bantered about, and in the end there were four water rows and four ground rows; the new width measuring 26’-6” wide, with heights ranging from 30” to 60″. Furthermore, each ground row would breakdown into three pieces (for easier handling and storage). The design anticipated that certain sections would be removed with additions constructed at a later date.

Once the sizes were finalized, I began to design each row. Using pastels, I completed a few quick sketches to indicate color palette and layout. I really like using pastels to quickly convey an idea, especially when the final scene is paint in distemper.

Two quick sketches in pastels to convey composition and color.

A detailed rendering was my next step, and now we were off to the races!

Final design for water rows.
Final design for foliage ground rows.

Using 126”-wide lightweight muslin, I tacked two 27’-6” long swaths of fabric. I have taken to using this particular width as it perfectly fits on the paint frame. This saves me a ton of time in the long run.

Two sized muslin panels attached to paint frame.

I budgeted five days to set-up, paint, tear-down, and pack-up the eight ground rows.

I started with the water rows: three rows on the top panel and one row on the bottom panel. As pictured below, the top fabric would contain the 30”, 40” and 50” high water rows. The bottom panel would contain two 60” ground rows (water and foliage).

Four water rows on the paint frame.

When the water rows were finished, I replaced the top fabric panel (water rows) with a fresh piece of muslin for the foliage rows. I masked the completed water row on the bottom fabric panel with plastic. Sometimes I throw paint a little too freely!

Basing in the ground rows on the third day.

Each set of ground rows took approximately two days, leaving me a little extra time to pre-hang the panels in the nearby theatre and make sure that everything lined up. This also allowed me to double- check that the painted illusion read well from a distance.

Checking ground rows prior to packing.

I was also able to document the viscosity of the painting. Over the years, I have learned to use less, and less, paint. THAT is the key to distemper painting!

It was while documenting historic scenery collections that I began to realize how little paint was applied to the surface of historic drops; and it wasn’t because it had all dusted off. Applying thin coats of paint not only means that every drop can function as a translucency, but also facilities packing for a tour. This was also not the first time that I have packed painted scenery in a standard suitcase, so I knew how much wiggle room that I had to work with!

Painted detail. View from front (left) and back (right).

When packing the ground rows, I simply layered them from widest to narrowest before folding.  All eight ground rows easily fit in a suitcase, with room to spare.

Arranging ground rows prior to folding.
Eight ground rows packed in a standard suitcase.

Distemper scenes traveled very well, without any horrific wrinkles or creasing.  I sometimes think we forget how hearty this type of scenery can be. Only water poses a threat to newly-painted distemper scenes.

Eight ground rows after they were unpacked at the Tyne Theatre & Opera House.

After spending five days in a suitcase, as I journeyed from Minneapolis to London, and then Newcastle-upon-Tyne, they were unfolded at the Tyne on Monday, July 29.

Over the next few days, three of the eight ground rows frames were constructed, so they could be used in the demonstration on Friday, August 2. Only the edges of the fabric were glued to the prototypes (less than an inch). It will be removed and attached to the final version. The final version will have more detailed edges to accentuate the individual leaves.

Covering the ground row frames.
Covering the frames.

On Thursday evening, August 1, the ground rows were installed and operated for the first time.

David Wilmore (left) and Colin Hopkins (right) discussing the installation of the first ground row on August 1, 2024. Tyne Theatre & Opera House.
Installing the second ground row on August 1, 2024. Tyne Theatre & Opera House.
Two of three ground rows in action during the International Theatre Conference on August 2, 2024. Tyne Theatre & Opera House.
Two of three ground rows in action during the International Theatre Conference on August 2, 2024. Tyne Theatre & Opera House.
The new ground rows with David Wilmore in the background.

Watching this all come together was one of the more exciting moments of my career.

Wendy Waszut-Barrett and Rachel Snape (Heritage and Development Project Manager) watching the ground rows in action for the first time. Photograph by Mike Hume, Historic Theatre Photos.

There is nothing quite like seeing your paintings tucked amongst stage machinery. It was a remarkable experience!

Ground rows tucked in the stage machinery at the Tyne Theatre & Opera House.
Colin Hopkins (Project Site Manager and Stage Carpenter).

To be continued…

Author: waszut_barrett@me.com

Wendy Rae Waszut-Barrett, PhD, is an author, artist, and historian, specializing in painted settings for opera houses, vaudeville theaters, social halls, cinemas, and other entertainment venues. For over thirty years, her passion has remained the preservation of theatrical heritage, restoration of historic backdrops, and the training of scenic artists in lost painting techniques. In addition to evaluating, restoring, and replicating historic scenes, Waszut-Barrett also writes about forgotten scenic art techniques and theatre manufacturers. Recent publications include the The Santa Fe Scottish Rite Temple: Freemasonry, Architecture and Theatre (Museum of New Mexico Press, 2018), as well as articles for Theatre Historical Society of America’s Marquee, InitiativeTheatre Museum Berlin’s Die Vierte Wand, and various Masonic publications such as Scottish Rite Journal, Heredom and Plumbline. Dr. Waszut-Barrett is the founder and president of Historic Stage Services, LLC, a company specializing in historic stages and how to make them work for today’s needs. Although her primary focus remains on the past, she continues to work as a contemporary scene designer for theatre and opera.

One thought on “Travels of a Scenic Artist and Scholar: Eight Ground Rows for the Tyne Theatre & Opera House.”

  1. Wendy, fascinating account. If you have pictures , I would love to see some step by step versions of the ground rows, much like you sometimes do for your easel paintings.

    A question; how were the ground row frames jointed? Mortise & tenon or pocket screws or ……?

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